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Experimental research on mechanical features model of prestressed mutual-anchored retaining wall Jianhong JIANG,Zhenyu YANG,Qi CHEN,Qingyu MENG,Hongbo ZHANG Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science)    2019, 49 (4): 61-69.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2018.165 Abstract （1966）   HTML （23）    PDF（pc） （3546KB）（10663）       Knowledge map    Save To study the mechanical behaviors of the prestressed mutual anchoring retaining walls under different structural parameters, an indoor model test device was designed considering the mechanical mechanism and different prestress levels and different anchor placement positions. The results showed that due to the lateral restraint effect of the anchor (cable) on the wall and under the lateral prestress, the wall moved towards the direction of the filler, and gradually increased with the prestressing of the anchor. It evolved from T-model into the T+RB model. The earth pressure behind the wall gradually increased and it had a parabolic distribution with the peak at the anchor. According to the test results, the optimal anchoring position was recommended, and the range of anchored prestressing and optimal prestressing. The research results could be used to guide the design calculation of the prestressed mutual anchoring retaining walls. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Barbalat Lemma and its application in analysis of system stability MIN Ying-ying,LIU Yun-gang JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    Abstract （1952）      PDF（pc） （269KB）（9527）       Knowledge map    Save A set of primary formulations of Barbalat Lemma and its simple alternatives are summarized. The relationships among those formulations and their applicable scopes are investigated. The applications of Barbalat Lemma in analyzing asymptotically convergence of the system, adaptive control design and Lp stability are discussed via three examples. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanical design and gait planning of a hydraulically actuated quadruped bionic robot LI Yi-bin1, LI Bin1,2, RONG Xue-wen1, MENG Jian1 JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2011, 41 (5): 32-36.   Abstract （1996）      PDF（pc） （1531KB）（7721）       Knowledge map    Save A hydraulically actuated quadruped bionic robot has been developed by Center for Robotics at Shandong University is described in this paper. The objective is to design a highly dynamic and high load quadruped robot that enables the adaptation to complex terrain. Based on mule／horse creature bionics, the leg configuration with passive structure and hydraulic actuation are met the needs of stability control and high load capacity. And the stability dynamic trotting gait of the quadruped robot is planned based on the forward kinematics and inverse kinematics. Experiments of the developed quadruped bionic robot platform show the rationality of mechanical design and the effectiveness of gait planning. Related Articles | Metrics

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Perchlorate removal in water by bacteria associated with Fe0 SHI Qiong, LIANG Shuang, WANG Shu-guang* JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2012, 42 (6): 107-114.   Abstract （962）      PDF（pc） （2345KB）（7216）       Knowledge map    Save According to the variation of perchlorate mass concentration as a function of time in a series of batch tests, the influence on perchlorate removal by perchlorate reducing microbes (PRMs) associated with Fe0 as electron donor was investigated, which was caused by some relative factors, such as Fe0 adding amount, bacteria concentration, perchlorate load, and initial pH. The results showed that unlike some research before, the Fe0 adding amount was not as much as better. The optimum Fe0 adding amount (mass concentration) with perchlorate mass concentration at 10000 μg／L was about 40g／L. In this case, enough electrons could be produced, while the pH increased not too fast. The perchlorate load for PRMs used in this research was about 603μg／(L?hr?gPRMs), which could take the place of pure microbes to undertake perchlorate removal in the environmental water. The optimum pH for PRMs was around 7.0. The PRMs were more sensitive to the variation of initial pH, but they could survive in a wider range of pH during the reaction. In addition, the changes of the main PRMs species were analyzed through building phylogenetic tree. Compared with the microbes after incubation, the bacteria species partly changed after the experiments. This research may provide a theoretical support for the application of perchlorate removal by PRMs associated with Fe0 to a certain degree. Related Articles | Metrics

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A method on building Chinese sentiment lexicon for text sentiment analysis ZHOU Yong-mei1, YANG Jia-neng2, YANG Ai-min1 JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2013, 43 (6): 27-33.   Abstract （2424）      PDF（pc） （1259KB）（6833）       Knowledge map    Save A method on building Chinese sentiment lexicon based on HowNet and SentiWordNet was proposed,in which sentiment intensity of the word was automatically calculated by decomposing it into multiple semantic units and a lexicon proofreading technique was used to optimize the value of sentiment intensity of the word. The building lexicon was applied to the task of sentiment analysis, in which the support vector machine was used to build the sentiment classifier. The experiment results showed that the built sentiment lexicon was more effective than the general polar sentiment lexicon,and provided an effective dictionary resource for the research of sentiment analysis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Wood defects recognition based on the convolutional neural network XU Shan-shan, LIU Ying-an*, XU Sheng JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2013, 43 (2): 23-28.   Abstract （1498）      PDF（pc） （2379KB）（5939）       Knowledge map    Save To improve the efficiency of wood defects identification, a method based on the convolutional neural network was proposed. A convolutional neural network was presented to recognize the wood defect, and the numbers of training samples were determined by an incremental learning method; the corresponding network structure was designed, and the time consumption could be reduced. Experimental results showed that the preprocessing of a complex image was not needed, and the multiclass defects could be recognized with high accuracy, small complexity and good robustness, while the inherent shortcomings of the traditional algorithm were overcame. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of SiO2-ZrO2 compound high temperature adhesive HE Zhao-pin, SHI Yuan-chang*, SUN Li-bo, LI Bo, YUAN Ye, LIU Jiu-rong JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2013, 43 (1): 104-108.   Abstract （1040）      PDF（pc） （1766KB）（5577）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the high temperature resistant performance of traditional silicate inorganic adhesive, the new-type compound high temperature adhesive was prepared by sol-gel method with tetraethyl orthosilicate and zirconium oxychloride. Its thermal stability and bonding performance were studied by characterizing the structure, phase composition, heat change and appearance. The results showed that pH was of great influence on the sol-gel reaction process, and the optimal pH was 3. The preparation methods had obvious influence on the microstructure of SiO2-ZrO2 compound adhesive. Dispersion method was better than the in situ synthesis method for preparing the compound adhesive. The molar ratio of raw materials was an important influencing factor on the performance of the compound adhesive. The SiO2-ZrO2 compound adhesive could provide good bonding performance and good thermal stability when the Si-Zr molar ratio was 1∶3. Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic obstacle avoidance Algorithm for the mobile robot LI Cai-hong,LI Yi-bin,FAN Chen JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    Abstract （2028）      PDF（pc） （298KB）（5496）       Knowledge map    Save A new hybrid algorithm of dynamic obstacle avoidance was introduced for local path planning under an uncertainty environment. It is a combination of the rolling planning and RBF neural network (RBFNN) forecast. The moving trajectory of the dynamic obstacle was illustrated by using a camera lens, and a heart-shaped sequence was acquired from the samples. The RBFNN prediction model was built based on these data. A dynamic rolling window within the scope of the scanning ultrasonic sensor was established according to current location when the mobile robot was in real-time planning. Forecast computation was started when a rolling window into the dynamic obstacle was detected. The next moving location of the obstacle was predicted based on the three adjacent values of time sequence. Thus the dynamic obstacle avoidance issue converts into instantaneous static once and the real-time planning was reallized. This method can improve dynamic obstacle avoidance and the safety of real-time planning. Simulation results show that the method is feasible and efficient. Related Articles | Metrics

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DSP based implementation of the space vector pulse width modulation KONG Wei-tao,ZHANG Qing-fan,ZHANG Cheng-hui JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    Abstract （715）      PDF（pc） （1039KB）（5482）       Knowledge map    Save According to the fundamental principle of motors, the space vector theory was analyzed, and a simple space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) method was proposed. The reference voltage space vector was directly synthesized based on the switching state vectors in α-β vectors complex space, and the duration time of each switching state vectors was calculated. The computational efficiency of this algorithm is moderate, and the realtime performance is elegant. Thus the current distortions and torque ripples are lower in the output of the inverter. This given method has been applied to a control system of the threephase induction motor based on TMS320LF2407A. The test results showed that this control system with SVPWM has such merits as simple realization, improved running performance and an enhanced d.c. voltage utilization ratio. Related Articles | Metrics

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Review and prospect of the development of heat exchanger structure Wenjing DU,Junzhe ZHAO,Lixin ZHANG,Zhan WANG,Wanxiang JI Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science)    2021, 51 (5): 76-83.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2020.423 Abstract （4436）   HTML （268）    PDF（pc） （4892KB）（5284）       Knowledge map    Save The development of heat exchanger for more than 200 years was introduced. The generation and typical applications of heat exchangers with different structures were reviewed. Four heat exchangers with different structures including shell-and-tube heat exchanger, plate heat exchanger, microstructure heat exchanger, and printed circuit heat exchanger were described emphatically, and the development work of related geometric parameter optimization and structure improvement was carried out to realize heat transfer enhancement. The existing problems and limitations in the structure design of the heat exchanger were analyzed, and the specific suggestions and development trends for the structure improvement of the heat exchanger in the future were proposed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison and analysis on measure indexes for structural hole nodes in social network HAN Zhongming, WU Yang, TAN Xusheng, LIU Wen, YANG Weijie JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2015, 45 (1): 1-8.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.1.2014.120 Abstract （3242）      PDF（pc） （2601KB）（5218）       Knowledge map    Save In order to analyze different factors that affected structural holes measurement in social networks, seven existing methods to measure structural hole nodes were analyzed. Four groups of 12 simulated networks were built. Measure indexes for structural hole nodes were deeply and overall analyzed and compared in the simulated network, which were testified and analyzed in social network of Renren websites. The experimental results showed that seven existing methods perform poorly on identifying the structural hole nodes and some methods were highly correlated. Among these seven methods, betweenness centrality was relatively more effective. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Head detection algorithm based on mathematical morphology and HSI color space ZHAO Jun-wei1, HOU Qing-tao2, LI Jin-ping3, PENG Bo4 JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2013, 43 (2): 6-10.   Abstract （1104）      PDF（pc） （1630KB）（5165）       Knowledge map    Save   An approach of head detection was proposed to meet the requirement of the reducing people counting time in real-time video monitoring. A hair color model was established in HSI color space, and the image binarization was processed by considering the range of hair gray-level. The mathematical morphology dilation and erosion preprocessing algorithm was presented. Then, dilation and erosion algorithm was used again after image edge detection in order to get several candidate areas. At last, the geometrical characteristics of contour were used to judge whether these areas head or not. Experimental results showed that this algorithm was fast and effective, which could meet the real-time needs of intelligent video surveillance. Related Articles | Metrics

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JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2009, 39 (1): 27-32.   Abstract （945）      PDF（pc） （398KB）（4983）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract: The goal of super resolution is to get high resolution images from at least one low resolution image. However, with the traditional (interpolationbased and reconstructionbased) methods it is difficult to make further important progress. The emerging learningbased superresolution methods breathe new life into the research. By reviewing these three kinds of methods, the history of super resolution was surveyed, the limitation of existing methods was discussed and the roadmap was analyzed for future developments. Related Articles | Metrics

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Survey of outlier detection technologies CHEN Bin, CHEN Song-Can, PAN Zhi-Song, LI Bin JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2009, 39 (6): 13-23.   Abstract （2219）      PDF（pc） （1025KB）（4923）       Knowledge map    Save Outlier detection aims to detect those data that significantly deviate from the expected behavior, and thus is widely applied in many fields, such as, machine fault detection, intrusion detection, fraud detection and data preprocessing. Hence, there exist many generic and special algorithms for outlier detection under the unsupervised and supervised learning framework. But up to now, there still has been no clear classification in this aspect. To provide a structural view, the review of the state-of-the-art statistics-based methods for outlier detection was focusedon, and a simple classification was given in this aspect. Moreover,the equivalence between some outlier detectors in depth is particularly discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on IDS-faced general-purpose application-level protocol identification technology LIU Yuan-xun,XU Qiu-liang,YUN Xiao-chun JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    Abstract （967）      PDF（pc） （295KB）（4826）       Knowledge map    Save With the ceaseless developing of the computer network environment and strengthening of network application, it becomes more and more difficult to analyze protocol and detect intrusion. In addition, report mistakes and pretermission happen frequently. The reliability of protocol analysis and intrusion detection can be improved greatly by identifying applicationlevel protocol and analyzing different protocols with different methods before protocol analysis and intrusion detection. A generalpurpose applicationlevel protocol identification technology is proposed and applied to an intrusion detection system, whose usability and reliability are proved by the experimentation. Related Articles | Metrics

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JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2011, 41 (5): 1-8.   Abstract （708）      PDF（pc） （554KB）（4801）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Heuristic construction method for the initial tour of the Lin-Kernighan algorithm ZENG Hua1, CUI Wen2, FU Lian-ning1, WU Yao-hua1* JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2012, 42 (2): 30-35.   Abstract （1608）      PDF（pc） （1793KB）（4694）       Knowledge map    Save  Initialization construction strategy is an important phase of the LinKernighan algorithm, which is known as one of the most efficient heuristic methods to solve the traveling salesman problem. In most past research, only one construction strategy was adopted, but there was little  research on what strategies could be used in the LinKernighan algorithm and how differently  they perform. 8 construction strategies were analyzed, and 4 of them were found applicable  for LinKernighan initialization. Numerical experiments and computational results with 6 TSPLIP instances showed that  the 4 construction strategies proposed were effective and efficient initialization methods. Additionally, it was proved that the Clark Wright algorithm had the best convergence speed, while the nearest insertion algorithm had the best optimization rate. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of transmission spectra of 6H—SiC crystal in the visible and near infrared range YU Yuanxun1, LIAN Jie2*, GUAN Wenli1, WANG Gongtang3, LI Juan4, XU Xiangang4 JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2011, 41 (2): 126-129.   Abstract （2376）      PDF（pc） （819KB）（4692）       Knowledge map    Save Transmission spectra of instinct and N doped 6H—SiC crystals in the visible and near infrared range were measured by using the UVVis spectrophotometer and infrared spectrum measurement system. Optical transmission spectra demonstrated that the 6H—SiC single crystal was transparent for visible and near infrared radiation. Compared with the 6H—SiC single crystal, it was also observed that  nitrogen doping could make the bandgap narrower, and the optical absorption of N doped SiC appeared in the visible and near infrared range. Also,  dispersion curves were obtained by the transmission spectra, and the refractive indices were analyzed using the dispersion equation in the transparent region. In addition,  spectra analysis showed that the absorption at 625nm corresponded to the free electron transition from the low energy level of band tailing induced by N doping to the high energy level in the conduction band, and the absorption of free carrier resulted in low transmission around 2500nm for nitrogen doped crystal. Related Articles | Metrics

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Calibration of micro-parameters of parallel bonded model for rocks JIANG Mingjing, FANG Wei, SIMA Jun JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2015, 45 (4): 50-56.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2014.183 Abstract （2499）      PDF（pc） （2117KB）（4657）       Knowledge map    Save The micro-parameters of parallel bond model could not satisfy the compressive strength and tensile strength simultaneously, this was a problem in the simulation of rocks. A set of uniaxial tension tests and uniaxial compression tests of rocks were simulated to investigate this problem. First, DEM specimens with different porosity ratio and different nonuniform coefficient were calibrated according to the laboratory test results of Lac du Bonnet granite. Second, the deficiency of the parallel bond model was pointed out and the improved methods were proposed from the perspective of microscopic failure mechanism. The simulation results showed that the microscopic parameters satisfied tension strength was one order of magnitude deviated from the microscopic parameters, which could also satisfy compression strength. Tensile characteristics and shear characteristics were considered in the parallel bond model, while the influence of normal stress on the bond was ignored. This was the reason that the tension-compression strength ratio of rock was different from the experimental result. It was advised to use clumped particle model which could simulate particle breakage or cementation model based on laboratory tests. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and development of intelligent space technology for a home service robot TIAN Guo-hui,LI Xiao-lei,ZHAO Shou-peng,LU Fei JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    Abstract （1572）      PDF（pc） （366KB）（4630）       Knowledge map    Save Intelligent space technology is a new research field. The intelligent space technology for a home service robot can perceive men and objects in space more completely and realize the relevant service task by setting sensors and actuators distributely in the specified positions of space. Simultaneously the service robot can obtain more comprehensive environmental information through the intelligent space, instead of being equipped with too many sensors itself, and the service robot can work more rapidly, accurately and stably with light packs in an unknown or semiunknown dynamic environment. First, the research situation of intelligent space technology was summarized, then the structure, characteristics and key research topic for the intelligent space for a home service robot were introduced, and the relevant technologies were also proposed. Finally, the new research direction of the intelligent space for a home service robot was discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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The development status of hot stamping and quenching of ultra high-strength steel LI Hui-ping, ZHAO Guo-qun, ZHANG Lei, HE Lian-fang JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2010, 40 (3): 69-74.   Abstract （976）      PDF（pc） （652KB）（4628）       Knowledge map    Save Hot stamping of ultra high-strength steels (UHSS) is a new and complex forming technology integrating metal hot forming and the quenching process. UHSS has many advantages due to hot stamping, such as low flow stress, good plasticity, and high forming limit. The shape accuracy and strength of parts formed using hot stamping are very high. So the strength of hot stamping parts satisfies the requirement of auto security, although the thickness of parts is reduced. In this paper, the types of UHSS, the key technologies of hot stamping were introduced. The main content and development status of hot stamping experimental study and numerical simulation study were summarized and reviewed, and the problems at present were also commented. Also, the content for further research and study direction were prospected. Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on smart highways critical technology Jianqing WU,Xiuguang SONG Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science)    2020, 50 (4): 52-69.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2020.149 Abstract （4228）   HTML （667）    PDF（pc） （2579KB）（4558）       Knowledge map    Save Giving highway engineering "wisdom" and establishing new generation five-in-one system of "Internet+" design, construction, management, monitoring and operation, namely, the smart highway, was the hot issue of the interdisciplinary study of civil engineering, control engineering, mechanical engineering, transportation engineering, and computer science. To comprehensively understand the smart highway, this review focused on the critical technology in the integrated system in full life-cycle of the smart highway as well as systematically investigated the relevant previous efforts, critical common technologies, and future scopes on multi-function pavement material, smart construction, smart detection, autonomous vehicles, connected vehicles, and internet of things technology. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Eigenvector selection in spectral clustering based on Bagging WANG Xing-liang, WANG Li-hong*, LI Hai-jun JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2013, 43 (2): 35-41.   Abstract （1080）      PDF（pc） （1485KB）（4520）       Knowledge map    Save For the spectral clustering algorithm, the largest k eigenvectors of the affinity matrix derived from the dataset were not always able to find the structure of dataset effectively. An eigenvector selection algorithm in spectral clustering based on Bagging was proposed in order to select better eigenvectors. The  eigenvectors were evaluated by pairwise constraints score. First, some eigenvectors were ranked according to their constraint scores, and then the suitable eigenvectors were selected from the ranking list, finally the optimal combination of k eigenvectors was obtained by Baggingbased ensemble algorithm. The better eigenvectors could be achieved. Experimental results on UCI benchmark datasets showed that this algorithm could gain satisfactory prediction results. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of perpetual pavement strain distribution and fatigue damage YANG Yongshun1, WANG Lin2, GAO Xuechi1, JIA Haiqing3, WEI Jincheng2 JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    Abstract （661）      PDF（pc） （2517KB）（4511）       Knowledge map    Save Because the HMA fatigue limit is the theoretical base of perpetual pavement design, to grasp the strain distribution and strain action of HMA layer is key for perpetual pavement design. The traffic, axle load spectrum and pavement temperature of a perpetual pavement test road was analyzed by field measured data. The characteristic of asphalt layers dynamic strain pulse was analyzed and regression models were constructed based on controlled axle load truck tests, which could correlate the maximum longitudinal tensile strain to pavement temperature and axle load. Based on the axle load spectrum, temperature distribution and strain regression models, the pavement strain distribution in a year was calculated. According to the fatigue limit theory, the cumulative damage method was used to calculate the pavement fatigue life, and the fatigue life of perpetual pavement test road was analyzed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Human motion detection based on multi-feature fusion TIAN Guo-Hui, JI Yan-Jing, HUANG Bin JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2009, 39 (5): 43-47.   Abstract （1105）      PDF（pc） （792KB）（4498）       Knowledge map    Save A novel method was proposed to detect human daily activities and  fall behavior based on features fusion. Actions were described by a set of postures and features of postures change velocity and position changes, then simple postures events and features were combined to express complex human activities events.This method can robustly detect human actions, thus can be used for intelligence interactive and service robot autonomous server system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of self-adaptive sliding mode controller with finite time convergence ZHAO Zhan-shan1,2, ZHANG Jing3, SUN Lian-kun, DING Gang1 JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2012, 42 (4): 74-78.   Abstract （1124）      PDF（pc） （1345KB）（4497）       Knowledge map    Save A new self-adaptive sliding mode controller algorithm was proposed for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown but bounded uncertainties. The proposed solution  could stabilize the status of these systems in finite time by using geometric homogeneity and integral sliding mode control. In order to solve system uncertainties with unknown but bounded, the corresponding adaptation law was developed to evaluate the gain of the controller. The theoretic analysis based on Lyapunov theory proved that the systems with the proposed controller could be stabilized in finite time. Simulation results showed that the proposed adaptive sliding mode controller could achieve better robustness and adaptation against uncertainties. Related Articles | Metrics

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A fast SVM-based feature selection method DAI Ping, LI Ning* JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2010, 40 (5): 60-65.   Abstract （1343）      PDF（pc） （354KB）（4446）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the large computation and slow convergence speed of the traditional feature selection methods, a fast SVMbased feature selection method is proposed to overcome.Support vecor machine is employed as the classifier and particle swarm optimization method is employed as searching strategy.The proposed method reduces the iterations of training classifiers by taking advantage of the characteristics of linear and polynomial kernel functions so that it reduces the complexity of calculation. Experimental results show that the method accelerates feature selection in the case of no loss of classification performances. Related Articles | Metrics

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A fast affinity propagation clustering algorithm LIU Xiao-yong1,2,3, FU Hui2 JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2011, 41 (4): 20-23.   Abstract （1115）      PDF（pc） （960KB）（4440）       Knowledge map    Save An important parameter of affinity propagation algorithm (AP), damping factor, affects the speed of AP. Because the value of damping factor is fixed in traditional AP algorithm, the convergence performance of AP algorithm is sensitive to the parameter’s choosing. A novel and fast AP algorithm, F-AP, was proposed. The new algorithm used the constriction factor to regulate damping factor dynamically. Three datasets and iris dataset were used to compare AP and F-AP. The numerical results showed that F-AP could accelerate the convergence process effectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of pitch shifting technology and the sound quality evaluating ZHANG Xiao-rui, TIAN Lan* JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2011, 41 (1): 1-6.   Abstract （1523）      PDF（pc） （1526KB）（4402）       Knowledge map    Save Three pitch shifting methods were studied and implemented,which were the improved synchronized overlap-add fixed synthesis(SOLA-FS) method, interpolation-on-frequency method, and the phase vocoder method. The improved SOLA-FS method was especially discussed in detail. Principles and characteristics were analyzed and simulation results were provided. In the experiments, it was found that the three methods could all achieve the effects of pitch-shifting, that is the pitch of the audio would be changed but the duration would be kept unchanged. But the auditory perceptions of the three methods were different. So, a sound quality evaluation test was carried out. The results of auditory evaluation tests showed that, under the given pitch-shifting ratio, whether for up or down, the sound quality processed by the improved SOLA-FS method is the best. Related Articles | Metrics

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A review of the research and development of biomass gasification technology in China DONG Yu-ping,DENG Bo,JING Yuan-zhuo,QIANG Ning,SHEN Shu-yun JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    Abstract （1681）      PDF（pc） （370KB）（4375）       Knowledge map    Save Biomass energy is an important renewable energy .The use of biomass gasification technology can achieve zero CO2 emissions, saving conventional energy, meeting the requirements of sustainable development. The paper introduces process characteristics of biomass gasification and related equipments; expounds on the direction of research in the fields of biomass gasification, analysis the status of the biomass gasification technology's commercialization in China. Finally, the proposed reference is put forward. Related Articles | Metrics

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The adaptive neighborhood selection strategy of the parallel Clarke-Wright algorithm FU Lian-ning1, CUI Wen2, ZENG Hua1 JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2012, 42 (1): 72-80.   Abstract （927）      PDF（pc） （1472KB）（4365）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the operation efficiency of the parallel saving algorithm, the reasonable neighborhood selection strategy and data structure were  used to reduce the space and time complexity of the algorithm. A new scheme of the adaptive neighborhood selection strategy was adopted to improve the rationality of neighborhood selection through optimizing the neighborhood radius and data structure, with the data dimensions and customer distribution condition of VRP as the breakthrough point with comprehensive consideration of the relationship among the neighborhood range of the customer, distance, dimensions and distribution. Comparing the proposed scheme with other non-adaptived schemes, the results showed that the former had obvious advantages on concentrated VRP by significantly reducing computation time and storage space while guaranteeing the operation quality. Taking the rl5915 as an example, its operation time was 50％ less than other non-adaptived strategies. Theory research and experimental results showed that adaptive neighborhood selection strategy could  improve the operation efficiency of the saving algorithm. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of highperformance CML ternary D flipflop based on BiCMOS ZHAO Xiang-hong1, 2, SHEN Ji-zhong2* JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2013, 43 (3): 99-104.   Abstract （1051）      PDF（pc） （1850KB）（4149）       Knowledge map    Save A simple-structure high-performance CML ternary D flip-flop based on BiCMOS was proposed, which combined both advantages of BiCMOS and CML circuits, and included high-speed and strong drive ability of BiCMOS circuits and high speed low swing and low noise of CML circuits. Using TSMC 180nm process, the results of simulations carried out by HSPICE illustrated that the proposed circuit could not only have correct logic function, but also gain improvements of 95.6％-98.4％ in average D-Q delay and 16.2％-96.8％ in PDP compared with the advanced ternary D flip-flops. Furthermore, the work frequency  could perform up to 15GHz. All of the results proved that the proposed circuit was suitable for high-speed and high-frequency applications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Web spam detection based on SMOTE and random forests FANG Xiao-nan1,2, ZHANG Hua-xiang1,2*, GAO Shuang1,2 JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2013, 43 (1): 22-27.   Abstract （1239）      PDF（pc） （1009KB）（4136）       Knowledge map    Save Web spam refers to the actions intended to mislead search engines into ranking some pages higher than they deserved, which could significantly deteriorate the quality of searching results. Considering the serious imbalance of the Web spam dataset, it was proposed to use oversampling method SMOTE to balance the dataset, then to train the classifiers with random forests algorithm. The results showed that the SMOTE+RF method was more prominent by means of experimental comparison with the conventional single classifiers and the ensemble learning classifiers. The important parameters of this method were optimized based on experimental results, and the reasons for the improvement of the AUC value after using SMOTE were also analyzed. Experimental results on WEBSPAM UK2007 dataset showed that this method could markedly improve the performance of the classifiers, of which the AUC value could exceed the best result of Web Spam Challenge 2008. Related Articles | Metrics

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Music structure analysis based on lyrics and content LIANG Shuang, XU Jie-ping*, LI Xin JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2010, 40 (5): 77-81.   Abstract （853）      PDF（pc） （889KB）（4072）       Knowledge map    Save To solve the problem of high cost and redundant pieces generation of content-based analysis, a lyrics-based analysis to detect the music structure was proposed, combing SVM and beat to detect the boundaries of vocal and nonvocal, to correct the result of lyrics-based analysis. The experiment on the same database proves that our musical structure analysis algorithm that combines the lyrics and content has improved the accuracy of Bridge and Outro by 9％ and 11％ respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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On comparison and selection of the wave spectrum in realtime rendering of the irregular ocean wave CHEN Li-ning, JIN Yi-cheng, REN Hong-xiang, YIN Yong JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2013, 43 (6): 47-52.   Abstract （2337）      PDF（pc） （1289KB）（4040）       Knowledge map    Save The Phillips spectrum was widely applied in real-time rendering of the irregular ocean wave. The structure of the Phillips spectrum was analyzed, and the frequency spectrum and directional distribution function of the Phillips spectrum were calculated. The frequency spectrum was similar with the P-M spectrum, so the constant A of the Phillips spectrum was computed by reference to the P-M spectrum, and the spectral wind speed was clarified. In addition to the Phillips spectrum, other spectra were tried. The P-M spectrum and the directional distribution function of the cos(-2s) form were used to construct the PM-cos2s spectrum, and the JONSWAP spectrum and the direction distribution function of the Poisson form were applied for constructing the J-Po spectrum. The three spectra mentioned above were used for rendering ocean wave, and the rendering results were compared. The waves rendered by the Phillips spectrum or PM-cos2s spectrum reflected the wind speed effect, and the wave generated by the J-Po spectrum showed the wind speed effect along with the fetch length effect. The frame rate of the three spectra shared the same value. Because the wave produced by the J-Po spectrum reflected the wind speed and fetch length influence, and the generated wave distributed in (-π,π］ of the wind direction, the J-Po spectrum was more suitable for the maritime simulator. Related Articles | Metrics

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A review of the research and development of biomass energy technology DONG Yu-ping,WANG Li-peng,DENG Bo,LU Ping,SHEN Shu-yun JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    Abstract （796）      PDF（pc） （365KB）（4035）       Knowledge map    Save Biomass energy is a type of important renewable energy. It is very important for the solution of the energy crisis and the protection of environment. The work introduces the status quo of the research and application of biomass energy at home and abroad, expounds on the main aspects of the research and the existing problems, analyzes the obstacles in the research and exploration of the biomass in China, and some corresponding measures are proposed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of inertia and state estimation for PMSM DING Xin-zhong1, ZHANG Cheng-rui1*, LI Hu-xiu1, YU Le-hua2 JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2012, 42 (2): 70-76.   Abstract （1262）      PDF（pc） （3010KB）（4015）       Knowledge map    Save  Based on theories of the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) and the Kalman filter, the online inertia identification and state estimation of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo system were  respectively studied for improving the dynamic performance and robustness. In the proposed algorithm, an optimal state estimator based on the Kalman filter was used to provide exact estimation for the rotor speed, rotor position and disturbance torque in a random noisy environment. Also, the MRAS was incorporated to identify the variations of inertia moment real time, and the identified inertia was used to adapt the EKF for better dynamic performance. In addition, the disturbancerejection ability to variations of the mechanical parameters was discussed, and it was verified that the system was robust to the modeling error and system noise. Simulation and experimental results showed that, compared with the M／T method, the proposed technique had better performance in speed resolution, real-time and anti-interference ability. Related Articles | Metrics

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An attitude estimation algorithm for human body based on multi-sensor information fusion LI Jing-hui, YANG Li-cai* JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2013, 43 (5): 49-54.   Abstract （1009）      PDF（pc） （1801KB）（4000）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the problems of poor stability and short precision in traditional attitude estimation algorithms, a method based on multi-sensor information fusion was proposed. The quaternion was used to calculate the attitude changes, and deviations between measurements and observations from the Inertial Measurement Unit(IMU) were managed by PI regulator. The complementary filtering was adopted for multi-sensor information fusion, and the realtime attitude was got. Experimental results showed that the algorithm could output the high precision attitude steadily. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of PSPICE CAD in designing a highvoltage high power switching power supply CHEN Ya-fei,LEI Hong,CHEN Yin-xing,FENG Jin-jun JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    Abstract （919）      PDF（pc） （1045KB）（3950）       Knowledge map    Save A highvoltage highpower switchingpowersupply employed for MicrowavePowerModule was designed and manufactured with the assistance of the PSPICE simulation. The modeling and simulating processes of design and optimization of the switchingpowersupply circuit for PSPICE is proposed. The factors that affect the accuracy and computer consuming time in switchingpowersupply PSPICE simulation are discussed. The specific methods to solve PSPICE convergence problem are concluded. Finally, the simulating output results are given with fairly good agreement when compared with the experimental results. Related Articles | Metrics

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Unit commitment considering alternating current power flow constraints PAN Zhi-yuan1, HAN Xue-shan1*, LIU Chao-nan2 JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2012, 42 (2): 130-137.   Abstract （882）      PDF（pc） （1230KB）（3916）       Knowledge map    Save With the parallel development of  distributed generation technology and  large power grid technology, a great amount of renewable energy generation was introduced to the electrical power grid. Under this circumstance, a unit commitment model was established by considering the constraints of transmission safety using AC(alternating current) power flow.  This model also involved reactive and voltage constraints, as well as safe operation limits of generators. According to the Benders decomposition, the model was decomposed into a master problem and a sub-problem. The master problem could solve the unit commitment without AC constraints, and then the sub-problem could check the AC constraints according to the result of the master problem. Benders cuts might develop from the sub problem, and the cuts would form additional associated constraints, which could connect the master problem and the sub problem. Simulation results of modified IEEE-14 buses case proved that the proposed method could effectively solve unit commitment problems with constraints of AC power flow. Related Articles | Metrics

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Robot autonomous localization based on a single artificial landmark ZHAO Shou-peng,TIAN Guo-hui,LI Xiao-lei JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    Abstract （808）      PDF（pc） （293KB）（3908）       Knowledge map    Save Based on four essential rules of how to design a landmark, a new style of landmark is proposed, that is a planar self-similar landmark based on QR code technology. The method to detect and recognize the landmark is studied. Based on camera calibration methods, the camera parameters are computed by finding the calibration points in the landmark, which can make the robot realize autonomous localization by only a single landmark. Experimental results show that the robot could locate and navigate fast and accurately using this style of landmark in a complex environment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of biomimetic nanograde hydroxyapatite in simulated body fluid ZHANG Ai-juan JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    Abstract （1227）      PDF（pc） （875KB）（3824）       Knowledge map    Save Nanograde hydroxyapatite(HAP)powders were synthesized through the reaction between Ca(NO3)2 and Na3PO4 in simulated body fluid(SBF). The mass phase composition, chemical composition, micromorphology and the bioactivity of the obtained HAP were studied by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectrometry. The Ca／P molar ratio of HAP was obtained by a chemical method. The results indicate that the synthesized HAP is a pinlike shape close to natural bone with 60～70?nm length, 10～20nm width, poor crystal structure and contains Na+ and CO2-3. The synthesized HAP powders have a good ability for inducing Ca and P deposition. Related Articles | Metrics

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A prediction method of atmospheric PM2.5 based on DBNs ZHENG Yi, ZHU Chengzhang JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2014, 44 (6): 19-25.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.1.2014.180 Abstract （2336）      PDF（pc） （1805KB）（3799）       Knowledge map    Save A DBNs-based (deep belief networks) method for forecasting the daily average concentrations of PM2.5 in Xian was proposed. Besides, the way to select training data set as well as the DBNs parameters was optimized. Then relative experiments and comparison with methods based on BP (back propagation) and RBF (radial basis function) artificial neural network confirmed the feasibility and precision of DBNs. The results showed that the MSE (mean square error) between DBNs simulated PM2.5 daily average concentrations and observed ones was 8.47×10-4 mg2/m6, while the MSE of RBF and BP was 1.30×10-3 mg2/m6 and 1.96×10-3 mg2/m6 respectively. Therefore the DBNs-based method was fit for prediction of PM2.5 concentrations and it predicted more accurately than those methods based on RBF and BP artificial neural network. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Adaptive spectral clustering algorithm BO De-Yun, ZHANG Dao-Jiang JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2009, 39 (5): 22-26.   Abstract （1372）      PDF（pc） （1011KB）（3707）       Knowledge map    Save Spectral clustering has been used to identify clusters that are non-linearly separable in input space, and usually outperforms traditional clustering algorithms. However, the performances of spectral clustering are severely dependent on values of the scaling parameter. In this paper, an adaptive spectral clustering (ASC) algorithm was proposed based on traditional spectral clustering, which can choose the scaling parameter automatically by using techniques similar to kernel selection. The new algorithm was compared to existing parameter selection based spectral clustering algorithms on both synthetic and UCI data sets, and the experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of bank counter setting based on queuing theory CAI Wen-jing1, GE Lian-sheng2 JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2013, 43 (3): 23-29.   Abstract （1101）      PDF（pc） （829KB）（3692）       Knowledge map    Save In order to reduce the waiting time of customers in the current banking system, a queuing theory based optimization model of banking queuing system was developed. The process of conducting service at the bank counters was regarded as random service system. A detailed design of bank counters’ optimization was given based on the basic features of this system. Additionally, a concrete analysis of the system optimization using queuing theory according to two respective aims was presented, and then a new way to decide the appropriate number of bank counters was illustrated with an example. Related Articles | Metrics

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A  new algorithm of cold-start in a collaborative filtering system LI Gai1,2,3, LI Lei2,3 JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2012, 42 (2): 11-17.   Abstract （1267）      PDF（pc） （2031KB）（3677）       Knowledge map    Save  In the collaborative filtering algorithms based on matrix decomposition, the new user and new item cold-start is a difficult problem. The problem of cold-start was solved by using the attribute-to-feature a mapping algorithm based on K-nearest-neighbor(KNN) to get the feature vectors of the new user and new item. The experimental evaluation using a real-world dataset showed the effectiveness of this method.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Bound gait controlling method of quadruped robot MENG Jian, LI Yibin, LI Bin JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2015, 45 (3): 28-34.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2014.328 Abstract （3030）      PDF（pc） （3687KB）（3672）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the problem of running control of quadruped robot, a running control method based on bound gait was proposed. The bound gait of the quadruped robot was implemented by fast and small range swing motion of the legs. A finite state machine was used to separate one complete cycle of motion into six stages, three stages for fore legs and three for hind legs respectively. In contact and buffering stage, vertical spring-damper model was used; in thrust stage, virtual model was used to adjust the thrust direction of the legs; and in swing stage, Bezier curve was used to plan the trajectory of the toes. By constructing a virtual model with the same size and mass with the hydraulic driven quadruped robot SCalf-II in the dynamics simulation software, the control method was verified and tested, simulation results showed that the robot came into a cyclic bounding motion with strong periodicity after five periods, the speed vibration in forward direction was small, the joint range of motion, speed and torque were all within the range of the design objective of SCalf-II, which verified the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on development of simultaneous localization and mapping technology Jianqing WU,Xiuguang SONG Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science)    2021, 51 (5): 16-31.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2021.168 Abstract （3149）   HTML （283）    PDF（pc） （2986KB）（3670）       Knowledge map    Save As a hot spot in the field of intelligent transportation, simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology is the key to autonomous path planning for self-driving vehicles. This review focused on four parts with introduction of sensors related to SLAM technology, localization, mapping, and multi-sensor integration. Each step of realization for SLAM technology was introduced from advantages and disadvantages, range of application, probability algorithm, types of map, and integration methods. Based on the investigation of relevant researches about multi-sensor integration, common problems of SLAM technology were analyzed, future development trend and practical engineering application of SLAM technology were prospected. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of a fuzzy membership function based on interval number YU Shao-wei JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    2010, 40 (6): 32-35.   Abstract （969）      PDF（pc） （524KB）（3643）       Knowledge map    Save An approach based on interval number for constructing a fuzzy membership function considering some problems existing in statistical methods was proposed.The conception of the youth using interval number was described, the interval number was transformed into a limited boundary fuzzy figure based on the knowledge of interval number and fuzzy number, and then a α-cut set of a normal fuzzy number was obtained by weighted computing  extending it into a fuzzy membership function. Experimental results showed that this approach was simple and accurate with wide applicability and the fuzzy membership function was more continuous, objective and suitable to people's subjective consciousness. Related Articles | Metrics

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Traffic information forecast algorithm based on the one-dimension cloud model YU Shao-wei,CAO Kai,ZHAO Mo JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE)    Abstract （1207）      PDF（pc） （270KB）（3643）       Knowledge map    Save The cloud model is a mathematical representation of fuzziness and randomness in linguistic concepts. The qualitative concept is represented by expected value, entropy and hyper entropy in this model.and It can realize the transformation between the qualitative and the quantitative when the fuzziness and randomness of a linguistic concept are integrated together. Therefore, it has stronger robustness to the higher uncertain traffic information. A kind of traffic information forecast mechanism based on cloud model is proposed. This mechanism can overcome the fuzziness and the random in traffic information effectively, and can offer a novel approach for traffic information forecasting. It also shows that the predicted results are basically accord with the real ones. Related Articles | Metrics