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Table of Content

      
    24 February 2007
    Volume 37 Issue 1
    Articles
    Articles
    Preparation of biomedical carbon/carbon composites and their bone tissue biocompatibility
    CAO Ning,LI Mu-sen,MA Quan-sheng,HAO Guang-zheng,BAI Yun-qiang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  1-5 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 850 )   PDF (752KB) ( 2662 )   Save
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    After treatment by immersion in Furan Resin, carbonization, chemical vaporized infiltration, machining and heat, 3D carbon fiber stereo fabrics were manufactured into carbon/carbon composites. By means of the scanning electron microscope and the Shore sclerometer, the microstructure and the Shore hardness of the materials were analyzed. In order to detect the feasibility of the carbon/carbon composites when used as bone substitutes, the implantations in animals' bone were carried out. The biocompatibility was studied by means of Xray and histological observation. The results reveal that this material has a homogeneous structure. Its biocompatibility with bone tissue is fine. It has a hardness similar to normal human bone.
    Effects of supercooling on dendritic sidebranching during solidification of pure Ni melt
    TIAN Wei-xing,LIU Jian,SU Yu-kuo,LI Xing-wen,TIAN Xue-lei
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  6-9 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 682 )   PDF (332KB) ( 2097 )   Save
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    Sidebranching of dendrites during solidification of pure Ni melt was studied via simulation by using a modified phasefield model which incorporates both structural fluctuation and energetic fluctuation. The results indicate that with increasing undercooling, side branching intensifies and neck shrinkage can be found in the trunk. The trunk will probably rupture when convection happens, and will result in spontaneous grain refinement in deeply undercooled melts.
    Preparation and characterization of lowdimensional GaN nanostructues
    LV Wei,WU Li-li,ZOU Ke,WU You-shi
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  10-14 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 785 )   PDF (657KB) ( 2633 )   Save
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    GaN nanowires and nanobelts were synthesized via the vaporphasedeposition method with GaN as initiating reagents. The products were characterized by XRD, SEM and HRTEM. The influence of different technological parameters to the morphology of GAN was studied. The Raman spectra of GaN nanowires and nanobelts were also analyzed.
    Experimental preparation of nanosized hydroxyapatite
    WANG Cheng-xiang,LI Mu-sen,CAO Ning,BAI Yun-qiang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  15-18 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 788 )   PDF (531KB) ( 2088 )   Save
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    Nanosized hydroxyapatite(HA) powder was prepared by using NaP as a dispersant and removing water by azeotropic distillation processing. Then the phase, morphology, particle size distribution were separately characterized by the Xray Diffractometer, Transmission Electron Microscope and Particle Size Distribution Device Instrument. The main purpose is to observe the dispersion effects of NaP and azeotropic distillation processing. The experimental results show that NaP has a certain function as a dispersant and has an optimal dispersing spot of about 20%, which will reduce the thermal stability of HA powder. Further, azeotropic distillation processing can effectively prevent agglomerating.
    Finite element analysis for the verification of the dynamic clamping force during machining of the aero frame shape workpiece
    LU Dong,LI Jian-feng,SUN Jie,JIANG Feng
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  19-22 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 858 )   PDF (515KB) ( 2084 )   Save
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    At present the verification of clamping force is mainly based on experience during machining the aero frame shape workpiece, which often results in distortion of the workpiece. An FEA (Finite Element Analysis) model is developed to reflect the influence of friction and chip removal on the clamping force verification. The chip removal effect is simulated using an element death technique based material removal approach in the FEA model. Spring and damper elements are used to represent every point, where the fixtures contact with the work piece. The clamping force of the workpiece is determined under the effects of dynamic loading. Simulation results show that the normal force on the contact area changes with the cutter's movement. The clamping force must be adjusted during machining, in order to reduce the workpiece distortion and to ensure the accurate work piece location.
    Design of the embedded navigation computer based on ARM and DSP
    SUN Ke,LIU Gang,FANG Jian-cheng
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  23-26 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 652 )   PDF (284KB) ( 1855 )   Save
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    A high performance navigation computer based on the embedded system is designed to satisfy the requirements of processing ability, volume, power and applicability of microintegrated navigation, guidance and control system. The computer can accomplish real time navigation algorithm and Kalman filtering by effectively collecting information from sensors, and transmits controlling instructionsby using ARM chip AT91RM9200 and DSP chip ADSP21364 as processors to extend peripheral memories and communication interfaces. The computer can be used in GPS/SINS，DGPS/SINS/MC due to its expansibility. The design is outstanding for the characteristics of small shape, high efficiency and low power compared with traditional ones.
    Calculation and optimization of the 3D magnetic field in an aluminum reduction cell(I)——Application of the spline integral equation method to 3D magnetic field calculation
    LIU Zhi-zhen,CHEN Hong-yan,AN Lin
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  27-30 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 738 )   PDF (549KB) ( 2250 )   Save
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    The principle of the spline integral equation method (SIEM) is introduced, which is verified by the A type magnetic field calculation of the international TEAM Workshop 21st problem. The magnetic field distributions are computed with the SIEM in a practical 180?kA prebake anode aluminum reduction cell. The calculated results compared with the tested ones show that the SIEM is valid.
    New method the vehical license plate character segmentation based on concomitant and complementary color features
    WANG Mei,WANG Guo-hong
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  31-34 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 1056 )   PDF (399KB) ( 2649 )   Save
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    A new method for character segmentation is given depending on the concomitant and complementary color features in the license plate area. The character color areas and background color areas are directly extracted from the original image of the license plate area. This was finished by binary process. By these methods, the errors arising during the image processing can be avoided, and lessen the noise made. Finally, the characters are segmented by the vertical projection method. The experiments on 200 automobile real RGB color images, which are taken under various conditions from traffic stations, show high accuracy. Robustness, practicability and lower sensitivity to the effects of plate disrepair, dirt, rivet and characters juncture can be obtained.
    The improvement of the cochlear implantation CIS speech processing method based on the all phase DFT filter
    PANG Zhi-min,TIAN Lan,HOU Zheng-xin
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  35-38 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 2190 )   PDF (715KB) ( 2286 )   Save
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    Cochlear implantation is a new technology to restore the hearing ability for deaf people. A new type of digital filter with better filtrating ability, that is an all phase DFT filter, was introduced to simulate cochlear implantation CIS speech processing and to synthesize the voice, using the simple model of electrode excitation cochlear implant. By doing this, the voice can be simulated for the person with a cochlear implant. Comparisons between this model and the traditional Butterworth filter were made. The results of the experiment show that the synthesized speech spectra by the all phase DFT digital filter is closer to the original speech spectra, and is much better than the results of the Butterworth filter.
    Bit allocation algorithm for OFDM-UWB with constraints of uniform power spectrum density
    GUO Ju-xiu,CHEN Zhe,WANG De-qiang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  39-42 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 775 )   PDF (373KB) ( 1804 )   Save
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    To the ultrawideband systems (OFDMUWB) based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, an adaptive bit allocation algorithm is proposed to combat the frequency selective fading of ultrawideband channels. Under the constraints of data transmitting rate and uniform power spectrum density, the bit allocation is transformed into an optimization problem, whose target function is bit error rate. The bit allocation algorithm is presented in details. Simulation results suggest that the proposed algorithm can effectively boost the system performance.
    Necessary and sufficient conditions for uniform controllability and observability of linear switched systems
    ZHU Li-ying,WANG Yu-zhen
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  43-46 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 858 )   PDF (216KB) ( 1971 )   Save
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    The uniform controllability, reachability and observability of linear switched control systems are investigated. First, the concepts of the trajectory operator, uniformly controllable state set and uniformly reachable state set are given respectively. Second, using the trajectory operator and uniformly controllable/reachable state sets, necessary and sufficient conditions for the uniform controllability, reachability and observability are provided respectively. It is shown that a linear switched control system is uniformly completely controllable (reachable, observable, determinable) if and only if all the subsystems of the switched system are completely controllable (reachable, observable, determinable).
    Hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the chaos search
    ZHANG Jin-song,LI Qi-qiang,WANG Zhao-xia
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  47-50 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 877 )   PDF (414KB) ( 2277 )   Save
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    A hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the chaos search is proposed. It can not only overcome the disadvantage of easily getting into the local extremum in the later evolution period, but also keep the rapidity of the previous period. Finally, the basic particle swarm optimization algorithm is compared with the hybrid algorithm. The experiment results demonstrate that the new algorithm proposed is better than the basic particle swarm optimization algorithm in the aspects of convergence and stability.
    Barbalat Lemma and its application in analysis of system stability
    MIN Ying-ying,LIU Yun-gang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  51-55 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 1284 )   PDF (269KB) ( 8468 )   Save
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    A set of primary formulations of Barbalat Lemma and its simple alternatives are summarized. The relationships among those formulations and their applicable scopes are investigated. The applications of Barbalat Lemma in analyzing asymptotically convergence of the system, adaptive control design and Lp stability are discussed via three examples.
    An approach to design the finite time functional observer for a class of nonlinear systems
    DING Yu-qin,LIU Yun-gang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  56-60 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 851 )   PDF (250KB) ( 2371 )   Save
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    The problem of the finite time functional observer design is investigated for a class of nonlinear systems, and the related results in literature are developed. First, an approach to design the asymptotic convergent functional observer is proposed for the nonlinear system. Second, based on the asymptotic convergent functional observer design, and combined with the theory of finite time observer, a new approach to design the finite time functional observer for the nonlinear systems is presented. It has been shown that, within any given time interval, the designed finite time functional observer realizes the accurate reconstruction of the function of the nonlinear system states. A simulation example is given to illustrate the correctness of the theoretical results.
    A sixstep algorithm for line drawing
    JIA Yin-liang,ZHANG Huan-chun,JING Ya-zhi,LIU Jing
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  61-64 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 792 )   PDF (226KB) ( 2167 )   Save
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    The algorithm of the generating line is an important basic theory of the computer graphics． A sixstep algorithm for generating a straight line is presented．Three pixel points can be forecasted with one time count and six pixel points can be drawn while a doublestep algorithm can only draw two pixel points. A straight line can be made efficiently using the new algorithm.
    Research on IDS-faced general-purpose application-level protocol identification technology
    LIU Yuan-xun,XU Qiu-liang,YUN Xiao-chun
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  65-69 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 791 )   PDF (295KB) ( 4601 )   Save
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    With the ceaseless developing of the computer network environment and strengthening of network application, it becomes more and more difficult to analyze protocol and detect intrusion. In addition, report mistakes and pretermission happen frequently. The reliability of protocol analysis and intrusion detection can be improved greatly by identifying applicationlevel protocol and analyzing different protocols with different methods before protocol analysis and intrusion detection. A generalpurpose applicationlevel protocol identification technology is proposed and applied to an intrusion detection system, whose usability and reliability are proved by the experimentation.
    Energy comparison-based TOA estimation algorithm for the DS-CDMA UWB system
    XIA Bin,ZHANG Lian-jun
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  70-73 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 775 )   PDF (489KB) ( 1613 )   Save
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    An energy comparisonbased TOA estimation algorithm for the DSCDMA UWB system is proposed, whose energy threshold value is determined by a normalized value and minimum and maximum energy samples. The selfadaptively selected normalized value can produce the minimal error of TOA estimation with a different signal to noise ratio (SNR). Simulation results show that this method is feasible.
    A note on proof of the 3-Color problem of the polygon triangulation graph
    PAN Guo-dong,WANG Jia-ye,XIANG Hui
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  74-75 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 739 )   PDF (180KB) ( 2250 )   Save
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    A brief proof to the key theory “The dual graph T of a simple polygon triangulation S is a tree" is given in the proof of theory “A simple polygon triangulation S is 3Color". Then it simplifies the proof of the 3Color problem and the Watchman Theory of Art Gallery Problem.
    Practical group signatures based on the knowledge signature
    YANG Chen,MA Wen-ping,WANG Xin-mei
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  76-79 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 742 )   PDF (239KB) ( 2360 )   Save
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    A new practical group signature scheme based on the knowledge signature is presented. By introducing Issuer (In charge of Issuing of group private keys and Joining of group members) and Opener(online trusted party in charge of opening and tracing of group signatures), the proposed scheme efficiently realizes the dynamic Joining and Revocation of group members, resolves the Opening and Tracing problems, and surmounts the defects of ordinary group signatures.
    Numerical simulation analysis and its application of tunnel excavation and support of the Erdaoya tunnel
    LIU Dou-dou,CHEN Wei-zhong,YANG Jian-ping,WU Guo-jun,LI Xiao-jing,YANG Wei-min
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  80-85 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 679 )   PDF (1102KB) ( 1887 )   Save
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    A large number of engineering examples show that the stress adjust and displacement of rock mass during excavation are not completely instantaneous. The FEM numerical ABAQUS is used to simulate the excavation and support process of the Erdaoya tunnel. The mechanical behavior of the surrounding rock mass and bolts under different stress release ratios is obtained from numerical simulations. The results show that the calculation results for consideration of stress release is better for soft rock, in reflecting the deformation and its damage character of engineering.
    Study on discrimination effect of reactive and reflective road coating
    ZHENG Gui-lan,GUAN Rui-fang,SUI Su,LI Jian-quan,LI Guo-zhong
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  86-89 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 668 )   PDF (482KB) ( 1798 )   Save
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    The discrimination of the reactive two component wearable road coating system is discussed, which is prepared with styrene, waste polystyrene foam plastic and unsaturated polyester resin. A systematic study is conducted on various factors influencing the light reflectance and retroreflecting coefficient of the road coating. The curve of the adding amount of titannium white powder, the viscosity of road coating and the retroreffecting coefficient of road coating is obtained. The specific method is given for discriminating the day and night discrimination effect of road coating.
    Synthesis and characterization of 2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(Z)-methoxy-imino acetic acid and the Sm (Ⅲ) Schiff base complexes
    LIU Jing,ZHENG Geng-xiu,PAN Shu-ying
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  90-93 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 742 )   PDF (276KB) ( 2095 )   Save
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    The Schiff base complex is an important branch of metalorganic complexes. The Schiff base ligands are organized as monodenate or polydenate constructions which are derived from different organic compounds including carboxyl and nitric groups. The amido of 2(2amino4thiazolyl)2(Z) methoxyimino acetic acid (HL1) reacted with formsalicylaldhyde to form the new Schiff base ligandNaL2. Then, the target complex (SmL22) was synthesized with rare earth Sm (Ⅲ) and NaL2. The target complex was characterized by elemental analysis and infrared spectrum analysis. Finally the coordinate mode of this new complex was discussed.
    Backward error analysis of a class of the periodic symplectic matrices for eigenproblem
    LIU Xin-guo,LUAN Shi-Bao
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  94-98 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 737 )   PDF (188KB) ( 1858 )   Save
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    The backwared error analysis of a class of the periodic eigenproblem is studied. The normwise structured backward error of an approximate eigenpair is defined and its explicit formula is given.
    Characteristics of the fractional step method for two dimentions melt flow simulation in the casting process
    LU Tong-chao,GE Liang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  99-106 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 538 )   PDF (274KB) ( 1434 )   Save
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    A computational model on the melt flow simulation in the casting process includes the continuous equation and partial differential equations of the momentum equation. The momentum equation is divided into two parts by the fractional step method.The method of characteristics is used to solve the first equation. The second equation combined with the continuous equation is changed into the possion equation about pressure. The equation is solved by the iterative method, and the convergence and the stabilization conditions of the equation is analyszed.
    Study on desurphurization and denitrification of the absorptive catalyst from lignite
    FENG Zhi-yu
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  107-110 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 627 )   PDF (262KB) ( 2364 )   Save
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    The processing conditions for producing the absorptive catalyst from lignite are described. The desurphurization and denitrification test process using absorptive catalyst from lignite are studied. The influence facts of the efficiency of desurphurization and denitrification is discussed. The experiments show that the oxyten concentration, water vapor content, ammonia content and smog temperature can all affect the desurphurization efficiency. On the basis of experiments, the technological conditions are given. The result shows that the absorptive catalyst developed with the main material lignite has good desurphurization and denitrification characteristics.
    Powder sputtered ZnO thin-film alcohol sensor
    ZHOU Lei,XING Jian-ping,ZHOU Chen,HONG De-bin,QIU Nan-yuan
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  111-114 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 610 )   PDF (291KB) ( 1635 )   Save
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    For the instability of metal oxide thin film gas sensor in doping process, a practical ZnO thinfilm gas sensing basic material was developed. The ZnO/1%CeO2 thinfilm was prepared by adopting the powder sputtering method. Based on the characteristic of the hexahedron crystal of substrate Al2O3 and ZnO, a thinfilm gas sensor was developed by selecting proper sputtered parameters. A micro miniature pensile gas sensor was acquired by double point welding of the chip and wiring pole techniques. Longterm experiment results show that the favorable gas sensing character and stability of the element is suitable for further application.
    Analysis and improvement of multipath routing protocols based on DSR
    ZHENG Hui,CHEN Shu,LIU Li-yun
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  115-118 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 767 )   PDF (359KB) ( 2171 )   Save
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    The DSR protocol is first analyzed. Then, a simple independent multipath routing protocol is proposed based on DSR. Only the destination nodes respond to the routing request, and the middle nodes could only pass on the routing request once. In doing so, it not only reduces the number of routing packets but also provides independent routes for as many destination nodes as possible. The DSR protocol is compared with the SIMR algorithm under NS2 in overhead routing, packets loss rate and average endtoend delay. The results show that the performance of the SIMR algorithm is better than the DSR routing protocol.
    Application of PSPICE CAD in designing a highvoltage high power switching power supply
    CHEN Ya-fei,LEI Hong,CHEN Yin-xing,FENG Jin-jun
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE). 2007, 37(1):  119-124 .  doi:
    Abstract ( 725 )   PDF (1045KB) ( 3707 )   Save
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    A highvoltage highpower switchingpowersupply employed for MicrowavePowerModule was designed and manufactured with the assistance of the PSPICE simulation. The modeling and simulating processes of design and optimization of the switchingpowersupply circuit for PSPICE is proposed. The factors that affect the accuracy and computer consuming time in switchingpowersupply PSPICE simulation are discussed. The specific methods to solve PSPICE convergence problem are concluded. Finally, the simulating output results are given with fairly good agreement when compared with the experimental results.
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