基于生命周期评价的造纸废水的水足迹

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2018.529

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

造纸工业正面临着环境污染严重、资源消耗高等难题,同时缺少量化潜在环境影响的有效方法。水足迹分析法被应用于多种污水处理方案,开展清单和环境影响层面的量化分析。结果显示,污水未处置方案的水足迹影响最大,达到36.4 m³。污水处理技术改进前后,水足迹影响变化明显。技改前的水足迹影响为4.82 m³,技改后减少到1.52 m³。其中,技改后的污水处置与污泥热解气化方案的水足迹值最低(0.87 m³)。在技改后方案中,直接水足迹流程对水生富营养化和水稀缺影响贡献显著。下水污泥处置环节是致癌性影响非致癌性影响和淡水生态毒性影响的关键流程。此外,化学药品、电、盐酸的消耗等流程水足迹产生一定影响。优化淡水资源的利用、提高化学药品的使用效率有助于减少造纸行业水足迹。

关键词: 水足迹, 生命周期评价, 造纸废水处理, 污泥, 热解气化

Abstract:

The paper industry suffered serious environmental impacts and high resource consumption, and lacked an effective method to quantify the potential environmental impacts. The water footprint method was applied to different scenarios of wastewater treatment to conduct analyses at the inventory level and the environmental impact level. Results showed that wastewater without disposal scenario had the highest water footprint value, which was 36.4 m³. After the improvement of wastewater treatment, the impact of water footprint decreased significantly. The water footprint of the wastewater disposal via oxidation ditch technology was 4.82 m³, which reduced to 1.52 m³ after the technical updating. Among these scenarios, the updated wastewater treatment combined sludge pyrolysis gasification had the lowest water footprint value (0.87 m³). For the wastewater treatment updated scenarios, direct water footprint was the dominant contributor to aquatic eutrophication and water scarcity. Sewage sludge treatment was the key process to carcinogens, non-carcinogens, and freshwater ecotoxicity. Meanwhile, the consumption of chemicals, electricity, and hydrochloric acid contributed partly to the overall potential impact. It was useful to save water resource and reduce water footprint by optimizing the use of freshwater and improving the efficiency of chemicals consumption.

Key words: water footprint, life cycle assessment, paper making wastewater disposal, sewage sludge, thermal pyrolysis

中图分类号:

X384

杨冬璐, 马逍天, 洪静兰. 基于生命周期评价的造纸废水的水足迹[J]. 山东大学学报 (工学版), 2019, 49(3): 114-119.

Donglu YANG, Xiaotian MA, Jinglan HONG. Life cycle assessment-based water footprint analysis of paper making wastewater[J]. Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science), 2019, 49(3): 114-119.

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分类	单位	直接水足迹	化学药品	下水污泥处置
变动范围	5%	5%	5%	5%
水体富营养化	kg PO₄^-eq	1.24×10^-5	5.27×10^-7	3.01×10^-7
水稀缺	m³	0.007	1.16×10^-4	1.19×10^-5
非致癌性影响	CTUh	0	1.80×10^-10	1.18×10^-7
淡水生态毒性	CTUe	0	0.20	0.34

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