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山东大学学报 (工学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 91-99.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2020.276

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基于数字图像的微观尺度下方解石脉对页岩各向异性的影响

宋怀雷1(),邬忠虎1,2,3,*(),李利平2,3,娄义黎1,孙文吉斌4,刘镐4,左宇军4   

  1. 1. 贵州大学土木工程学院, 贵州 贵阳 550025
    2. 山东大学齐鲁交通学院, 山东 济南 250002
    3. 山东大学岩土与结构工程研究中心, 山东 济南 250061
    4. 贵州大学矿业学院, 贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-12 出版日期:2021-10-20 发布日期:2021-09-29
  • 通讯作者: 邬忠虎 E-mail:songhuaileigzu@163.com;wuzhonghugzu@163.com
  • 作者简介:宋怀雷(1994—), 男, 贵州织金人, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为岩石破坏机理的理论, 模拟方法. E-mail: songhuaileigzu@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(51964007);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51774101);贵州省科研基金立项课题(YJSCXJH〔2020〕087);贵阳市轨道交通2号线一期工程科研课题(D2(I)-FW-YJ-2019-001-WT);贵州省科技计划资助项目([2020]4Y046);贵州省科技计划资助项目([2019]1075);贵州省科技计划资助项目([2018]1107);贵州大学“本科教学工程”建设项目(JG201990);贵州省水利厅科技专项经费资助项目(KT201804)

Influence of calcite veins on shale anisotropy at the microscopic scale based on digital images

Huailei SONG1(),Zhonghu WU1,2,3,*(),Liping LI2,3,Yili LOU1,Wenjibin SUN4,Hao LIU4,Yujun ZUO4   

  1. 1. College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
    2. School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, Shandong, China
    3. Research Center of Geotechnical and Structural Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
    4. Mining College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
  • Received:2020-07-12 Online:2021-10-20 Published:2021-09-29
  • Contact: Zhonghu WU E-mail:songhuaileigzu@163.com;wuzhonghugzu@163.com

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摘要：

通过对牛蹄塘组页岩岩芯进行显微薄片观察和岩芯X射线全岩矿物衍射分析, 并进行7组不同方位角下的直接拉伸数值试验。试验结果表明: 方解石脉对页岩抗拉强度各向异性影响显著, 随着方位角α的增大, 抗拉强度逐渐递减, 抗拉强度的方解石脉结构效应系数随方位角α的增大呈曲线型增长趋势, 在α=90°达到最大, 为0.127;不同角度下的页岩试样破坏模式异常复杂, 大致可归纳为以下3类: 树根形(0°、15°)、台阶形(30°、45°、60°)和河流形(75°、90°), 裂缝优先沿方解石脉扩展, 在水力压裂过程中可能会抑制页岩基质内复杂裂缝网的形成; 不同角度的方解石脉下耗散能的释放也有显著的差异, 当α=0°、15°、30°、45°时, 声发射(acoustic emission, AE)能量在前期较小, 接近峰值应力时快速增加直至最大; α=60°、75°、90°时, AE能量在初期较小, 中期开始增加, 接近峰值应力时最大; 累计AE能量随着应变的增大大致呈指数增加, 增长过程由3个阶段构成: 平缓期、加速期和暴增期。研究成果对页岩储层水力裂缝萌生、扩展预测以及提高采收率等具有重要的参考价值。

关键词: 页岩, 数字图像处理, 岩石破裂, 声发射能量, 微观结构

Abstract:

The Niutitang Formation shale cores were observed by micro-slice observations and core X-ray whole-rock mineral diffraction analysis, and 7 groups of direct tensile numerical tests under different azimuth angles were performed. The test results showed that the calcite veins had a significant effect on the anisotropy of shale tensile strength. When the azimuth angle increased, the tensile strength gradually decreased. The bedding effect coefficient of tensile strength showed a curve-like growth trend with the increase of azimuth angle, which reached the maximum when α=90°, which was 0.127. The failure modes of shale samples at different angles were very complicated, which could be roughly divided into the following three categories: tree root shape (0°, 15°), step shape (30°, 45°, 60°) and river shape (75°, 90°). Fractures preferentially extended along calcite veins, which might inhibit the formation of complex fracture networks in the shale matrix during hydraulic fracturing. There were also significant differences in the release of dissipated energy under the calcite veins at different angles. The release of dissipated energy under the calcite veins at different angles was also significantly different. When α=0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°, the AE energy was small in the early stage, and increased rapidly to the maximum when it approached the peak stress. When α=60°, 75°, 90°, the AE energy was small in the early stage, and began to increase in the middle stage, and it was the largest when it was close to the peak stress. The cumulative AE energy increased roughly exponentially with increasing strain, and the growth process consisted of three stages: flat period, accelerated period and skyrocketing period. The research results had important reference value for the initiation of hydraulic fractures in shale reservoirs, the prediction of expansion, and the enhancement of oil recovery.

Key words: shale, digital image processing, rock fracture, acoustic emission energy, microstructure

中图分类号: 

  • P618.12

图1

X射线全岩衍射分析图"

表1

材料参数"

材料 弹性模量/GPa 抗拉强度/MPa 拉压比 泊松比ν 内摩擦角λ/(°)
页岩 51.6 11.67 14 0.22 35
方解石 80.5 9.00 11 0.30 30
石英 96.0 14.00 15 0.08 60

图2

页岩显微薄片图像获取过程"

图3

AA′扫描线上I变化曲线"

图4

阈值分割后的图像"

图5

不同方位角下页岩数字图像"

图6

模型加载示意图"

表2

页岩的单轴最大抗拉强度及方解石脉各向异性系数"

方位角α/(°) 抗拉强度/MPa S(α)
0 3.562 0.000
15 3.349 0.060
30 3.275 0.081
45 3.235 0.092
60 3.206 0.100
75 3.140 0.118
90 3.110 0.127

图7

不同方位角下页岩抗拉强度和方解石脉各向异性系数变化趋势"

图8

45°页岩试件损伤演化划分过程与累计声发射的对应关系图"

图9

不同方位角下页岩的单轴拉伸损伤演化过程图"

图10

不同方位角下应力、AE能量、累计AE能量随应变的变化趋势图"

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