济南市食品中短、中链氯化石蜡的污染特征及摄入风险评估

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2021.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解济南市市场中短链氯化石蜡(C_10-13, short-chain chlorinated paraffins, SCCPs) 与中链氯化石蜡(C_14-17, medium-chain chlorinated paraffins, MCCPs)在食品中的分布现状与摄入风险，于2020年在济南市采集了82种不同类别食品样品，采用氯强化大气压化学电离源-四级杆飞行时间质谱检测方法分析。结果表明：食品样本中SCCPs湿重含量范围是5.3~2 483.2 ng/g；MCCPs湿重含量范围是4.6~605.1 ng/g；花生油SCCPs平均湿重含量最高，为2 115.5 ng/g；苦瓜SCCPs平均湿重含量最低，为5.7 ng/g；豆油MCCPs平均湿重含量最高，为605.5 ng/g；白菜MCCPs平均湿重含量最低，为6.2 ng/g；SCCPs的每日摄入量(estimated daily intake，EDI)在主食类食品中最高, 为2619.2 ng/(kg ·d)，在水产类食品中最低，为17.7 ng/(kg ·d)；MCCPs的EDI在主食类食品中最高，为2 117.6 ng/(kg ·d)，在水产类食品中最低为12.1 ng/(kg ·d)；济南市居民SCCPs、MCCPs的危害系数(hazard quotients，HQ)分别为0.022~0.067和0.017~0.047，HQ＜1说明暴露风险较低。本研究为评估济南市人群暴露于CPs的风险提供了参考数据。

关键词: 短链氯化石蜡, 中链氯化石蜡, 含量, 同族体分布, 膳食暴露, 健康风险

Abstract:

To explore the distribution status and intake risk of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (C_10-13, SCCPs) and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (C_14-17, MCCPs) in food in Jinan city, 82 kinds of food were collected in Jinan in 2020 and analyzed by chlorine enhanced atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source- four-stage pole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The results showed that the concentration of wet weight of SCCPs in food samples ranged from 5.3 to 2 483.2 ng/g, MCCPs ranged from 4.6 to 605.1 ng/g. The concentration of wet weight of SCCPs in Peanut oil was the highest, which was 2 115.5 ng/g. The concentration of wet weight of SCCPs in balsam pear was the lowest, which was 5.7 ng/g. The concentration of wet weight of MCCPs in soybean oil was the highest, which was 605.5 ng/g. The concentration of wet weight of MCCPs in Chinese cabbage was the lowest, which was 6.2 ng/g. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of SCCPs was the highest in staple foods, which was 2 619.2 ng/(kg ·d) and the lowest in aquatic foods, which was 17.7 ng/(kg ·d). The EDI of MCCPs was the highest in staple foods, which was 2 117.6 ng/(kg ·d), and the lowest in aquatic foods, which was 12.1 ng/(kg ·d). The hazard quotients (HQ) of SCCPs、MCCPs was 0.041 and 0.032, respectively. The purpose of this study was to provide reference data for the assessment of the risk of exposure to CPs among the population in Jinan.

Key words: short-chain chlorinated paraffins, medium-chain chlorinated paraffins, concentration, congeners distribution, dietary exposure, health risk

中图分类号:

X828

方昕鑫,张仕文,朱雨婷,姜威,张肇元,赵楠. 济南市食品中短、中链氯化石蜡的污染特征及摄入风险评估[J]. 山东大学学报 (工学版), 2021, 51(3): 119-128.

Xinxin FANG,Shiwen ZHANG,Yuting ZHU,Wei JIANG,Zhaoyuan ZHANG,Nan ZHAO. Pollution characteristics and intake risk assessment of short and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in foods in Jinan[J]. Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science), 2021, 51(3): 119-128.

图/表 5

表1

食品样品中SCCPs、MCCPs的平均含量"

食品种类	食品名称	水的质量分数/%	脂肪的质量分数/%	SCCPs		MCCPs
食品种类	食品名称	水的质量分数/%	脂肪的质量分数/%	湿重含量/(ng·g^-1)	脂重含量/(ng·g^-1)	湿重含量/(ng·g^-1)	脂重含量/(ng·g^-1)
肉类	牛肉	65.1	14.0	140.4	1 002.7	110.8	791.5
	羊肉	77.6	0.8	82.2	548.1	103.6	690.8
	猪血	84.0	0.4	84.1	910.2	24.7	267.7
	鸭肉	69.0	19.7	244.4	1 525.5	143.4	895.1
	鱼豆腐	72.7	1.9	70.3	417.8	84.0	498.9
	鸭血	91.7	0.2	30.7	1 535.5	22.7	1 136.7
	猪肝	72.8	4.5	147.8	3 284.1	101.5	2 256.6
	猪心	78.2	5.3	62.8	484.2	57.4	443.2
	虾滑	77.8	2.1	39.6	1 885.8	48.5	2 307.6
	猪肾	71.7	8.1	135.4	1 671.4	89.8	1 108.4
	鸡肉丸	74.4	2.2	26.2	1 190.2	32.6	1 479.9
	猪肉	72.1	4.0	196.7	4 860.8	166.7	4 120.9
	鸡心	74.4	11.8	41.8	354.3	33.8	286.8
	鸡胗	78.9	3.0	94.2	3 140.0	95.8	3 194.7
	鸡肉	73.9	1.3	128.2	1 064.8	112.8	936.9
水产	花蛤蜊	83.7	0.7	57.1	6 812.4	40.9	4 883.8
	生蚝	83.5	1.5	23.6	1 599.2	26.9	1 821.0
	鲅鱼	71.2	5.3	186.1	3 541.5	123.3	2 346.7
	鲈鱼	76.0	3.4	156.4	4 659.8	82.4	2 454.9
	青虾	88.0	0.2	31.4	1 571.0	32.5	1 623.0
	黄花鱼	77.2	2.5	111.4	4 457.6	82.4	3 295.5
	带鱼	76.2	1.4	120.1	8 561.5	94.5	6 733.9
	鲳鱼	79.3	6.5	97.9	1 505.4	83.6	1 286.3
	黑鱼	75.6	2.7	169.1	6 321.9	127.5	4 769.7
	鲶鱼	70.0	15.7	314.1	1 997.3	107.1	681.3
	鲤鱼	77.0	11.9	91.6	772.3	114.8	967.9
	鲫鱼	80.3	2.7	61.9	2 294.1	66.4	2 461.0
	鲢鱼	80.4	0.2	99.6	2 767.6	77.6	2 156.5
蛋类	鹌鹑蛋		11.1	70.2	638.5	250.5	2 277.3
蛋类	鸡蛋		11.0	610.2	549.7	586.6	528.5
乳类	酸奶		2.7	420.7	1 558.3	290.7	1 076.6
	牛奶		3.8	566.5	1 490.8	364.8	959.9
	奶粉	0.7	20.2	731.5	3 621.1	313.7	1 553.0
	芝士	54.9	25.0	328.4	1 313.7	155.5	622.1
豆制品	豆腐	91.6	3.1	33.9	1 093.7	37.6	1 213.7
	腐竹	4.2	21.5	764.4	3 555.2	429.7	1 998.5
	豆浆	1.0	261.9	2 619.4	123.6	1 236.1
	油豆皮	4.1	23	492.9	2 143.1	459.0	1 995.5
	黄豆	18.7	15.7	266.8	1 699.0	197.3	1 257.0
食用油	花生油		100	2 115.5	2 115.5	547.3	547.3
	葵花油		100	910.2	910.2	435.3	435.3
	豆油		100	593.0	593.0	605.5	605.5
	橄榄油		100	1 980.0	1 980.0	279.6	279.6
	玉米油		100	639.4	639.4	158.0	158.0
主食	面粉	11.8	0.6	110.3	1 837.7	146.8	2 446.7
	小米	9.9	3.5	88.0	251.5	87.1	248.7
	大米	11.4	0.2	173.3	754.2	153.4	667.7
	玉米面	11.5	0.7	199.9	855.8	74.8	320.1
水果	苹果	83.0	0.2	18.2	911.6	22.1	1 105.7
	梨	85.3	0.2	42.8	2 140.5	22.6	1 129.6
	香蕉	82.5	0.1	40.7	4 865.1	22.2	2 657.5
	西瓜	88.7	0.4	12.7	3 165.6	17.7	4 425.8
	桃子	86.4	0.4	28.8	1 015.7	37.1	1 310.4
	橘子	88.3	0.3	14.8	188.3	12.1	153.2
蔬菜	山药	76.0	0.2	30.0	1 313.3	41.1	1 796.3
	蒜苔	85.7	0.1	27.5	2 745.3	20.7	2 071.6
	南瓜	92.1	0.5	22.4	4 236.2	20.7	3 918.8
	藕	81.8	0.2	28.4	1 430.9	24.9	1 251.6
	芸豆	90.7	1.3	17.9	1 378.5	20.1	1 549.4
	丝瓜	95.7	0.2	9.0	4 478.0	10.9	5 434.5
	蘑菇	94.0	0.1	13.5	1 350.5	11.0	1 102.2
	油菜	96.5	0.5	17.6	2 618.5	7.7	1 146.5
	黄瓜	96.1	0.2	5.9	296.2	8.6	428.3
	西蓝花	87.4	0.6	22.8	3 796.0	21.3	3 553.5
	西葫芦	94.6	0.2	10.1	5 060.8	9.4	4 696.3
	辣椒	93.6	0.1	12.2	1 843.6	9.0	1 357.9
	卷心菜	92.8	0.2	24.4	992.2	19.5	792.0
	菜椒	93.9	0.3	12.0	4 010.5	12.4	4 120.9
	番茄	94.0	0.2	13.5	710.3	11.9	624.5
	菠菜	92.6	2.6	26.9	1 035.7	34.6	1 329.9
	苦瓜	92.9	0.1	5.7	569.2	12.3	1 232.7
	青萝卜	89.3	0.1	21.1	1 537.5	17.0	1 240.9
	花菜	93.5	0.2	15.0	750.5	8.4	419.4
	芹菜	95.1	0.1	9.4	1 117.1	9.2	1 096.8
	白菜	95.3	0.2	13.5	3 673.8	6.2	1 682.4
	豆角	91.5	0.2	16.6	832.3	13.5	673.3
	圆葱	90.4	0.1	19.8	2 834.2	16.7	2 395.2
	蒜	67.0	0.1	53.6	1 032.4	54.4	1 046.4
	茄子	94.6	0.2	11.4	5 691.7	8.5	4 272.7
	胡萝卜	88.7	0.0	18.4	1 084.0	31.0	1 827.4
	土豆	77.9	0.2	33.4	1 668.0	58.8	2 940.5
	地瓜	86.2	0.0	18.8	1 133.3	23.0	1 385.8

表1

图1

图2

表2

图3

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食品类别	平均	2~7岁	8~12岁	13~19岁		20~50岁		51~65岁		＞65岁
食品类别	平均	2~7岁	8~12岁	男	女	男	女	男	女	男	女
EDI_SCCPs	4 128.3	6 697.8	3 722.0	2 717.6	3 104.3	2 351.0	2 328.7	2 335.1	2 304.3	2 264.3	2 201.9
EDI_MCCPs	3 230.2	4 711.5	2 830.4	2 125.8	2 340.7	1 860.6	1 838.5	1 843.1	1 812.8	1 773.1	1 726.4
HQ_SCCPs	0.041	0.067	0.037	0.027	0.031	0.024	0.023	0.023	0.023	0.023	0.022
HQ_MCCPs	0.032	0.047	0.028	0.021	0.023	0.019	0.018	0.018	0.018	0.018	0.017

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