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山东大学学报 (工学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 95-100.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2019.001

• 化学与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

济南城区大气PM2.5、PM1.0的污染特征及大气传输

黄琦1(),杨凌霄1,2,*(),李岩岩1,姜盼1,高颖3,王文兴1   

  1. 1. 山东大学环境研究院, 山东 青岛 266237
    2. 江苏省气候变化协同创新中心，江苏 南京 210023
    3. 山东大学环境科学与工程学院, 山东 青岛 266237
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-03 出版日期:2020-02-20 发布日期:2020-02-14
  • 通讯作者: 杨凌霄 E-mail:515369992@qq.com;yanglingxiao@sdu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:黄琦(1995—)，女，山东菏泽人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为大气细颗粒物化学组分污染特征，来源及形成机制. E-mail：515369992@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(21307074);国家自然科学基金资助项目(21577079)

Pollution characteristics and atmospheric transmission of PM2.5 and PM1.0 in Jinan city

Qi HUANG1(),Lingxiao YANG1,2,*(),Yanyan LI1,Pan JIANG1,Ying GAO3,Wenxing WANG1   

  1. 1. Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
    2. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
    3. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
  • Received:2019-01-03 Online:2020-02-20 Published:2020-02-14
  • Contact: Lingxiao YANG E-mail:515369992@qq.com;yanglingxiao@sdu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(21307074);国家自然科学基金资助项目(21577079)

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摘要：

为研究华北平原PM2.5、PM1.0的污染特征,于2014年10月至2016年6月在济南城区使用中流量采样器对大气颗粒物样品进行采集,利用离子色谱、碳气溶胶分析仪测定了颗粒物中的水溶性无机离子成分和碳组分。结果表明:济南城区冬季大气细颗粒污染较重,二次离子SO42-、NO3-和NH4+是PM2.5、PM1.0最主要的水溶性无机离子,且更易富集在PM1.0中。有机碳和元素碳的质量浓度表现为春夏低,秋冬高;二次有机碳的质量浓度在冬季明显升高,且大多分布在粒径>1 μm的颗粒物中。72 h后向气流轨迹表明,来自河北、内蒙古的长距离传输与山东地区的局地传输对济南大气中PM2.5和PM1.0的离子质量浓度有重要影响。济南冬季的消光系数高达789.13 Mm-1, PM2.5中的二次粒子NH4+、SO42-和NO3-与消光系数的相关性较高,是使大气能见度降低的主要因素。

关键词: PM2.5, PM1.0, 水溶性无机离子, 碳组分, 后向气流轨迹, 消光系数

Abstract:

To study the characteristics of PM2.5 and PM1.0 in the North China Plain, atmospheric particulate samples were collected from October, 2014 to June, 2016 in Jinan urban area by using mid-volume samplers. Then we determined iron composition of Water-soluble inorganic ions with ion chromatography(IC)and carbonaceous component with thermal-optical transmittance (TOT) carbon aerosol analyzer. It was shown that the fine particle pollution of the atmosphere was serious in winter. The secondary ions SO42-, NO3- and NH4+ were the major water-soluble ions of PM2.5 and PM1.0, especially easily enriched in PM1.0. Compared with autumn and winter, concentrations of organic carbon(OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were much lower in spring and summer. The mass concentration of SOC, most of which was distributed in particles with particle size >1 μm, increased obviously in winter. Indicated by the 72 h backward trajectories, long-distance transmission from Hebei and Inner Mongolia, as well as local transmission from Shan- dong had an important influence on the ion mass concentration of PM2.5 and PM1.0 in the atmosphere of Jinan. The extinction coefficient of Jinan was up to 789.13 Mm-1 in winter. The extinction coefficient had a high correlation with secondary particles NH4+, SO42- and NO3- in PM2.5, which was the chief reason of the reduction in the visibility of the atmosphere.

Key words: PM2.5, PM1.0, water-soluble inorganic ions, carbon component, back trajectory, extinction coefficient

中图分类号: 

  • X513

表1

济南城区大气PM2.5、PM1.0中主要化学成分质量浓度"

季节 成分 ρ(SO42-) ρ(NO3-) ρ(Cl -) ρ(NH4+) ρ(Na+) ρ(K+) ρ(Mg2+) ρ(Ca2+) ρ(OC) ρ(EC) ρ(SOC)
春季 PM2.5 13.83±8.08 17.18±10.80 2.07±1.87 11.15±8.31 0.51±0.42 0.84±0.45 0.30±0.23 4.58±4.25 13.30±4.12 2.25±1.12 5.91±2.25
PM1.0 10.01±4.58 13.81±9.34 1.58±1.38 8.62±4.81 0.34±0.25 0.67±0.29 0.21±0.12 3.19±2.09 11.35±3.19 1.89±0.91 4.14±2.24
PM1.0/PM2.5 0.81±0.26 0.80±0.22 0.84±0.32 0.78±0.36 0.71±0.35 0.86±0.31 0.68±0.32 0.70±0.39 0.86±0.21 0.89±0.35 0.70±0.36
夏季 PM2.5 20.64±13.41 10.06±9.81 0.63±0.61 17.06±7.69 0.29±0.10 0.39±0.20 0.06±0.05 0.48±0.26 7.72±2.03 1.00±0.47 3.06±0.97
PM1.0 12.43±3.83 7.05±5.36 0.41±0.29 9.54±4.43 0.15±0.12 0.32±0.10 0.06±0.02 0.25±0.21 5.89±1.58 0.87±0.48 2.76±1.09
PM1.0/PM2.5 0.65±0.63 0.98±0.67 0.78±0.61 0.70±0.47 0.52±0.47 0.72±0.48 0.47±0.54 0.86±0.53 0.79±0.14 0.88±0.14 0.75±0.24
秋季 PM2.5 16.25±9.81 19.02±11.53 4.15±3.28 13.54±7.16 0.46±0.18 1.26±0.64 0.19±0.13 2.23±2.16 18.15±4.54 3.81±2.12 7.26±3.50
PM1.0 9.02±4.24 13.60±6.15 2.42±1.32 8.17±4.41 0.27±0.12 0.80±0.38 0.10±0.08 1.49±0.96 10.09±5.01 1.57±0.84 3.27±1.94
PM1.0/PM2.5 0.61±0.24 0.75±0.25 0.67±0.25 0.61±0.23 0.60±0.22 0.66±0.24 0.43±0.26 0.42±0.23 0.65±0.16 0.76±0.16 0.48±0.20
冬季 PM2.5 15.32±9.31 19.06±9.79 3.93±3.17 13.28±6.36 0.31±0.17 1.15±0.64 0.23±0.17 5.78±3.82 19.06±9.79 4.62±2.19 16.91±7.00
PM1.0 8.39±3.65 14.01±8.01 2.15±1.91 7.21±1.98 0.17±0.12 0.60±0.20 0.18±0.09 2.45±1.31 10.57±5.42 2.61±1.21 2.56±2.06
PM1.0/PM2.5 0.56±0.59 0.76±0.63 0.59±0.57 0.57±0.70 0.61±0.66 0.76±0.75 0.89±0.38 0.44±0.31 0.51±0.36 0.60±0.14 0.15±0.09

表2

济南城区大气PM2.5、PM1.0中ρ(NO3-)/ρ(SO42-)"

季节 PM2.5 PM1.0 季节均值
春 1.39±0.80 1.34±0.51 1.37±0.66
夏 0.46±0.32 0.52±0.33 0.49±0.33
秋 1.33±0.56 1.68±0.59 1.51±0.58
冬 1.33±0.36 1.79±0.48 1.56±0.42
年均 1.13±0.51 1.33±0.48 1.23±0.50

图1

济南城区大气PM2.5及PM1.0中OC、EC相关性的季节变化"

图2

采样期间济南大气72 h后向气流轨迹簇浓度分析"

图3

消光系数的季节性变化"

图4

PM2.5中各种成分对消光系数的贡献"

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