Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science) ›› 2020, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (6): 101-111.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2020.128

• Electrical Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Electric vehicle virtual energy storage available capacity modeling

Bei LI1(),Song ZHAO1,2,Zhijia XIE1,Meng NIU1   

  1. 1. China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China
    2. North China Electric Power University College of Control Science and Engineering, Beijing 102206, China
  • Received:2020-04-20 Online:2020-12-20 Published:2020-12-15

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Abstract:

In order to efficiently implement the virtual energy storage dispatch of electric vehicles in a wide area, the article focused on the types of electric vehicles that respond to electric vehicle virtual energy storage (EVVES) services by clustering, combined with the use habits of all kinds of electric vehicle owners (such as daily driving mileage, charging and discharging rules, expected standby travel electricity, etc.), the impact of market on EVVES responsiveness, redundant design of available energy storage capacity and other factors, a virtual energy storage (VES) capacity estimation model was established. Combined with the technical requirements of power system for energy storage to participate in system services, such as emergency power support, smooth renewable energy output, UPS/EPS, etc., the matching basis of supply and demand was proposed. Based on Monte Carlo simulation method, the practicability of the model to estimate the available capacity of response VES service in different time periods was verified, which layed the foundation for the operation practice of EVVES in future.

Key words: electric vehicle, virtual energy storage, available capacity modeling, Monte Carlo simulation method, clustering analysis

CLC Number: 

  • TM85

Fig.1

State distribution of electric vehicles"

Table 1

Electric vehicle state distribution in different time periods"

时段 电动汽车状态
A类 B类
t1 M1 M21
t2 M21 M1
t3 M1 M21
t4 M21 M1
t5 M1 M21
t6 M21 M21
t0 M23 M23

Fig.2

Electric vehicles participate in virtual energy storage response characteristics"

Fig.3

Probability density curve of EV daily travel distance"

Fig.4

Fitted parking time probability density curve"

Fig.5

Flow chart of electric vehicle participating in virtual energy storage available capacity calculation"

Table 2

Technical requirements for EVVES to participate in different services"

需求分类 应用场景 功率规模/万kW 持续时间 响应时间
小时级 提供输变电设备容量扩充 1~30 1~6 h < 15 min
实现峰谷价差套利 ＜0.1 1~4 h < 15 min
提供负荷侧需求侧响应管理 ＜5 2~6 h < 15 min
提供分布式电源出力波动平滑服务 0.1~5 1~4 h ＜15 s
分钟级 提供短时备用容量支援服务 5~100 15 min~1 h < 1 min
提供二次调频服务 1~50 1~15 min 2.5~15 s
秒级 提供紧急功率支撑服务 10~100 1~30 s 1 ms~1 s

Table 3

Electric vehicle battery related data"

车辆类型 额定容量/(kWh) 电动汽车效率/% 百公里能耗/(kWh) 最大放电功率/kW
A类 A1 82 95 20.5 20
A2 95 92 17.5 23
A3 79 89 23.5 17
B类 B1 84 95 33.6 23.5
B2 88 90 36 16.5
B3 80 88 32.2 20

Table 4

Number of electric vehicles that can participate in virtual energy storage"

时间 NAves NBves
t0 26 0
t1 0 1
t2 25 1
t3 2 10
t4 324 5
t5 22 49
t6 239 50

Table 5

Available energy of EVVES in different periods kWh"

时间 A类 B类 总和
t0 1 513 0 1 513
t1 0 52 52
t2 1 489 49 1 538
t3 126 457 583
t4 19 549 254 19 803
t5 1 252 2 580 3 832
t6 14 024 2 562 16 586

Table 6

EVVES power in different periods kW"

时间 A类 B类 总和
t0 520 0 520
t1 0 20 20
t2 500 20 520
t3 40 200 240
t4 6 480 100 6580
t5 440 980 1 420
t6 4 780 1 000 5 780

Table 7

Distribution of EV number in different duration sets"

时间 TL1 TL2 TL3
t0 26 26 25
t1 1 1 1
t2 26 26 26
t3 12 12 11
t4 327 327 323
t5 70 70 68
t6 286 286 279

Table 8

Energy of EVVES available in different duration sets kWh"

时间 TL1 TL2 TL3
t0 374 374 369
t1 16 16 16
t2 360 360 360
t3 185 185 174
t4 4 692 4 692 4 642
t5 1 050 1 050 1 029
t6 4 138 4 138 4 120

Table 9

Power of EVVES available in different duration sets kW"

时间 TL1 TL2 TL3
t0 520 520 500
t1 20 20 20
t2 520 520 520
t3 240 240 220
t4 6 540 6 540 6 460
t5 1 400 1 400 1 360
t6 5 720 5 720 5 580

Fig.6

Energy of EVVES available in different duration sets"

Fig.7

Power of EVVES available in different duration sets"

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