Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science) ›› 2019, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 10-16.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2017.419

• Machine Learning & Data Mining • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Face recognition based on improved prameter-free supervised localitypreserving projections

Jun FAN1,2(),Qiaolin YE1,Ning YE1,*()   

  1. 1. College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
    2. School of Civil Engineering, Jiangsu College of Engineering and Technology, Nantong 226007, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2017-08-24 Online:2019-02-20 Published:2019-03-01
  • Contact: Ning YE E-mail:13773679049@139.com;njfuyn@163.com
  • Supported by:
    江苏省高等职业院校国内高级访问学者计划(2016GRFX013);江苏省青蓝工程培养对象(2016-15);江苏省住建厅建设系统科技计划(2017ZD138);江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究(2018SJA1247);校科研计划(GYKY/2017/5, GYKY/2017/12)

Abstract:

To solve the problem of unsupervised and complexity of parameter selection of the locality preserving projection algorithm, an improved supervised dice parameter-free locality preserving projection algorithm (SdPLPP)was proposed. SdPLPP constructed affinity matrix by using generalized Dice coefficient and extract features of data under the supervised mode, which could avoid the problems of parameters selection and adjustment of locality preserving projection (LPP) algorithm. The proposed algorithm performed experiment of image visualization based on the Iris dataset, analyzed the relationship between the value of the distance of sample data and the performance of the algorithm. To verifying the effectiveness and performance of algorithm, SdPLPP carried out the feature extraction experiments based on three kinds of human face databases, such as ORL, Yale and FERET, and used nearest neighbor classifier to get correct recognition rate. The experimental results showed that the SdPLPP algorithm was superior to PCA, ULDA, LPP, SPLPP and EP-SLPP algorithm in face recognition, and it was better than other algorithms of supervised parameter-free locality preserving projections.

Key words: feature extraction, locality preserving projections (LPP), parameter-free affninty matrix, generalized Dice coefficient, face recognition

CLC Number: 

  • TP391.4

Fig.1

Performance analysis of image visualization algorithm"

Table 1

Comparison of Iris data projection distance of within class & between class in different algorithms"

cm
算法 M1 M2 M3 Sw23 Sb23 r23
PCA 0.54 0.77 0.92 0.84 1.56 1.84
ULDA 0.14 0.13 0.17 0.15 0.17 1.13
LPP 0.49 0.74 0.88 0.81 1.64 2.03
SPLPP 0.39 0.39 0.44 0.41 0.80 1.93
EP-SLPP 0.35 0.35 0.45 0.40 0.94 2.35
SdPLPP 0.32 0.59 0.68 0.63 1.64 2.58

Table 2

Comparison of top recognition accuracy of differentalgorithms in ORL (32×32) face database"

%
算法 训练集个数
2 3 4 5
PCA 68.40 78.25 83.13 87.90
ULDA 79.47 86.46 91.08 93.95
LPP 67.53 77.43 82.25 87.05
SPLPP 71.44 81.36 85.08 89.30
EP-SLPP 79.50 86.46 91.25 94.05
SdPLPP 83.66 91.07 94.33 96.50

Fig.2

Relationship between the average recognition accuracy and projection vector of different algorithms in ORL (64×64) face database"

Table 3

Comparison of top recognition accuracy of differentalgorithms in Yale (32×32) face database"

%
算法 训练集个数
2 3 4 5
PCA 42.15 48.83 52. 67 56.11
ULDA 56.00 66.83 74.57 77.44
LPP 41.78 49.25 52.29 55.11
SPLPP 42.96 50.25 53.14 56.89
EP-SLPP 54.52 66.75 74.86 78.78
SdPLPP 55.04 66.92 75.90 80.11

Table 4

Training dataset setting method of FERET facesub-database"

训练集 Test1 Test2 Test3 Test4
组合方式 Ia+Ib+Id Ia+Ib+Ie Ia+Ic+Id Ia+Ic+Ie

Table 5

Comparison of top recognition accuracy of differentalgorithms in FERET(80×80) face database"

%
算法 训练集
Test1 Test2 Test3 Test4
PCA 78.25 81.75 70.75 73.50
ULDA 78.17 85.83 74.67 83.67
LPP 78.75 81.75 71.00 74.00
SPLPP 78.75 82.00 70.75 74.00
EP-SLPP 88.33 92.33 80.67 89.17
SdPLPP 86.50 90.67 82.50 89.67
1 DUDA R O , HART P E , STORK D G . Pattern classification[M]. 2nd ed USA: John Wiley & Sons, 2009: 2- 4.
2 ROWIES S T , SAUL L K . Nonlinear dimensionality reduction by locally linear embedding[J]. Science, 2000, 290 (5500): 2323- 2326.
doi: 10.1126/science.290.5500.2323
3 ZHANG C , WANG J , ZHAO N , et al. Reconstruction and analysis of multi-pose face images based on nonlinear dimensionality reduction[J]. Pattern Recognition, 2004, 37 (2): 325- 336.
doi: 10.1016/j.patcog.2003.07.005
4 SAUL L K , ROWIES S T . Think globally, fit locally: unsupervised learning of low dimensional manifolds[J]. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 2003, 4 (2): 119- 155.
5 TENENBAUM J B , SILVA V D , LANGFOR J C . A global geometric framework for nonlinear dimensionality reduction[J]. Science, 2000, 290 (5500): 219.
6 BELKIN M , NIYOGI P . Laplacian eigenmaps for dimensionality reduction and data representation[J]. Neural Computation, 2003, 15 (6): 1373- 1396.
doi: 10.1162/089976603321780317
7 HE X , NIYOGI P . Locality preserving projection[J]. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2002, 16 (1): 186- 197.
8 HE Xiaofei , YAN S , HU Y , et al. Face recognition using laplacian faces[J]. IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2005, 27 (3): 328- 340.
doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2005.55
9 ZHENG Z , ZHAO Z , YANG Z . Gabor feature-based face recognition using supervised locality preserving projection[J]. Signal Processing, 2007, 87 (10): 2473- 2483.
doi: 10.1016/j.sigpro.2007.03.006
10 张宇, 刘雨东, 计钊. 向量相似度测度方法[J]. 声学技术, 2009, 28 (4): 532- 536.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn1000-3630.2009.04.021
ZHANG Yu , LIU Yudong , JI Zhao . Vector similarity measurement method[J]. Technical Acoustics, 2009, 28 (4): 532- 536.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn1000-3630.2009.04.021
11 DORNAIKA F , ASSOUM A . Enhanced and parameterless locality preserving projections for face recognition[J]. Neurocomputing, 2013, 99 (1): 448- 457.
12 黄璞, 唐振民. 无参数局部保持投影及人脸识别[J]. 模式识别与人工智能, 2013, 26 (9): 856- 871.
HUANG Pu , TANG Zhenmin . Parameter-free locality preserving projections and face recognition[J]. Pattern Recognition and Artifical Intelligenc, 2013, 26 (9): 856- 871.
13 龚劬, 许凯强. 有监督的无参数核局部保持投影及人脸识别[J]. 计算机科学, 2016, 43 (9): 301- 309.
GONG Qu , XU Kaiqiang . Parameter-less supervised kernel locality preserving projection and face recognition[J]. Computer Science, 2016, 43 (9): 301- 309.
14 梅玲玲, 龚劬. 基于改进的自适应局部保持投影算法的人脸识别[J]. 计算机科学, 2016, 43 (8): 286- 291.
MEI Lingling , GONG Qu . Face recognition based on improved adaptive locality preserving projection[J]. Computer Science, 2016, 43 (8): 286- 291.
15 邹国锋, 姜树明, 张元元, 等. 基于最大分离度差的有监督核局部保持投影[J]. 计算机应用研究, 2014, 31 (7): 2228- 2232.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3695.2014.07.075
ZOU Guofeng , JIANG Shuming , ZHANG Yuanyuan , et al. Supervised kernel locality preserving projection algorithm based on maximum separation degree difference[J]. Application Research of Computers, 2014, 31 (7): 2228- 2232.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3695.2014.07.075
16 王永茂, 赵珊. 改进的基于DCT与局部保持投影的人脸识别方法[J]. 华中师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 48 (2): 177- 181.
WANG Yongmao , ZHAO Shan . Improved method based on dct and locality preserving projection for face recognition[J]. Journal of Hua Zhong Normal University (Nat Sci), 2014, 48 (2): 177- 181.
17 丁铭, 贾维敏, 姚敏立. 基于L2范数的局部保持投影算法[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2016, 50 (2): 33- 37.
DING Ming , JIA Weimin , YAO Minli . A projection algorithm with local preservation based on l2 norm[J]. Journal of Xi′an Jiaotong University, 2016, 50 (2): 33- 37.
18 LI F , WANG J , TANG B , et al. Life grade recognition method based on supervised uncorrelated orthogonal locality preserving projection and K-nearest neighbor classifier[J]. Neurocomputing, 2014, 138 (138): 271- 282.
19 JOHN Soldera , CARLOS Alberto , RAMIREZ Behaine , et al. Customized orthogonal locality preserving projections with soft-margin maximization for face recognition[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2015, 64 (9): 2417- 2426.
doi: 10.1109/TIM.2015.2415012
20 WANG R , NIE F , HONG R , et al. Fast and orthogonal locality preserving projections for dimensionality reduction[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2017, 26 (10): 5019- 5030.
doi: 10.1109/TIP.2017.2726188
[1] Guoxin WANG,Fengdong CHEN,Guodong LIU. Feature extraction method of color pseudo-random coded structured light [J]. Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science), 2018, 48(5): 55-60.
[2] YE Ziyun, YANG Jinfeng. A finger-vein recognition method based on weighted graph model [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2018, 48(3): 103-109.
[3] ZHANG Zhenyue, LI Fei, JIANG Mingyan. Unsupervised face image feature extraction based on low-rank representation projection [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2018, 48(1): 15-20.
[4] YU Qingmin, LI Xiaolei, ZHAI Yong. Feature extraction method of rolling bearing inner ring in wind turbine based on improved EMD and feature box [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2017, 47(3): 89-95.
[5] GUO Chao, YANG Yan, JIANG Yongquan, SONG Yi. Condition recognition of high-speed train based on multi-view classification ensemble [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2017, 47(1): 7-14.
[6] ZHANG Yuling, YIN Chuanhuan. Android malware detection based on SVM [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2017, 47(1): 42-47.
[7] ZHONG Zhiyan, WEN Zhiqiang, ZHANG Xiaoyun, YE Degang. Neighborhood similarity descriptor used in halftone image [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2016, 46(3): 58-64.
[8] ZHOU Kai, YUAN Changan, QIN Xiao, ZHENG Yan, FENG Wenduo. Face recognition based on kernel Bayesian compressive sensing [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2016, 46(3): 74-78.
[9] LU Dan, ZHOU Yiqi. Vibration analysis of excavator seat based on EEMD and CWT [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2015, 45(3): 58-64.
[10] ZHOU Zhe, SHANG Lin. A sentiment analysis method based on dynamic lexicon and three-way decision [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2015, 45(1): 19-23.
[11] REN Jieyi, WU Xiaojun. An improved method of covariance discriminative learning [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2015, 45(1): 9-12.
[12] YU Hai-jing1,2, LI Gui-ju1*. Color smoke image recognition based on differential box-counting fractal dimension algorithm [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2014, 44(1): 35-40.
[13] XIE Zhi-hua. A novel blood perfusion construction model and its application in infrared face recognition [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2013, 43(5): 1-5.
[14] GUO Hui-ling, WANG Shi-tong*, YAN Xiao-bo. A novel method for face recognition based on generalized rotation invariant kernel [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2012, 42(5): 71-79.
[15] LI Hui1,2, HU Yun1,3, LI Cun-hua1. The technique of gas disaster information feature extraction based on rough set theory [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2012, 42(5): 91-95.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] LI Shijin, WANG Shengte, HUANG Leping. Change detection with remote sensing images based on forward-backward heterogenicity[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2018, 48(3): 1 -9 .
[2] LI Jie ,LIU Hong. A method of fractal artistic pattern generation based on a genetic algorithm[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2008, 38(6): 33 -36 .
[3] YAN Chong-jing, LIAO Wen-he, GUO Yu, CHENG Xiao-sheng. The BOM modeling based on the polychromatic graph[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2008, 38(6): 70 -75 .
[4] JIAO Pei-Gang, ZHOU Yi-Qi, WANG Xi-Cang. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics for numerical simulation ofthree-dimensional free surface flow[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2009, 39(6): 92 -96 .
[5] XU Xiao-Dong, LIU Yan, WANG Wei-Jiang, CHEN Tong-Lei, LIU Qi. Non-dimensional design method of pressure vessels  and its application(Ⅱ)[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2009, 39(6): 101 -104 .
[6] MENG Xiang-xing1, YU Da-yang2, HAN Xue-shan2, ZHAO Jian-guo3. The  influence of  correlation  between  solar  irradiation  and  the  load  variation  on  grid-connected  photovoltaic  power  generation[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2010, 40(2): 126 -129 .
[7] ZHAO Ji-Ceng. Study of full-face curtain grouting on water-burst fault 
F4-4 subsea tunnel in Qingdao Jiaozhou bay
[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2009, 39(6): 116 -120 .
[8] SONG De-Jie. Optimization and detection of crystal growth parameters[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2009, 39(6): 154 -158 .
[9] WANG Jian-Ming, GONG Wen-Jun, GAO Na. Numerical simulation for the abrasive water jet machining based on the ALE algorithm[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2010, 40(1): 48 -52 .
[10] LIN Ai-Hua, JIANG Xiao-Yun, MIAO Feng-Ming. The solution to the space fractional Schro¨dinger equationwith double δ potential[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2010, 40(1): 139 -143 .