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山东大学学报 (工学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3): 128-137.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2022.362

• 化学与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

中度镉污染农田安全利用技术模式

吕城1(),刘倩2,王坤3,黄现民2,于小晶1,戴九兰1,*()   

  1. 1. 山东大学环境研究院，山东 青岛 266237
    2. 山东省农业生态与资源保护总站，山东 济南 250100
    3. 淄博市数字农业农村发展中心，山东 淄博 255200
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-31 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-07-07
  • 通讯作者: 戴九兰 E-mail:lvcheng@mail.sdu.edu.cn;daijiulan@sdu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:吕城(1996—)，男，浙江金华人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为土壤污染与农产品安全。E-mail：lvcheng@mail.sdu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(41977144);山东省农业重大技术协同推广计划(SDNYXTTG-2022-22)

The technology model of safe utilization of moderately cadmium-contaminated farmland

Cheng LÜ1(),Qian LIU2,Kun WANG3,Xianmin HUANG2,Xiaojing YU1,Jiulan DAI1,*()   

  1. 1. Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
    2. Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Shandong, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
    3. Digital Agriculture and Rural Development Center of Zibo, Zibo 255200, Shandong, China
  • Received:2022-10-31 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2023-07-07
  • Contact: Jiulan DAI E-mail:lvcheng@mail.sdu.edu.cn;daijiulan@sdu.edu.cn

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摘要：

为提出一个经济有效的镉污染农田安全利用技术模式，通过大田试验，比较土壤单独施用复合菌渣、叶面单独喷施糖醇锌和两者联用处理，对低镉积累小麦品种济麦22和高镉积累小麦品种周麦32收获期土壤pH及有效态镉质量分数、产量及其构成因素、籽粒镉质量分数的影响以及风险效益分析。结果表明：单独施用复合菌渣或与喷施糖醇锌联用处理使两个小麦品种土壤pH显著提高0.61~0.69，土壤有效态镉质量分数显著降低40%~62%；联用处理使两个小麦品种的穗粒数、千粒重和产量分别显著提高16%~19%、5%、23%~26%；3种处理措施使两个小麦品种籽粒镉质量分数显著降低46%~76%，且联用效果优于单一处理，尤其使济麦22农产品质量达到合格，且增加了经济效益。研究表明，土壤施用复合菌渣-叶面喷施糖醇锌-济麦22是一种可行的技术模式，为实现中度镉污染农田安全利用和农产品质量安全提供了技术支撑。

关键词: 镉污染农田, 低镉积累小麦, 复合菌渣, 糖醇锌, 安全利用

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted to propose a cost-effective technology model for the safe utilization of cadmium-contaminated farmland. The effects of soil application of composite spent mushroom substrate (CSMS) alone or foliar application of zinc sugar alcohol (Zn-SA) alone or both in combination on soil pH and available cadmium, yield and its components, grain cadmium content, as well as risk-benefit analysis during harvest time of Jimai 22 (low cadmium accumulation cultivar) and Zhoumai 32 (high cadmium accumulation cultivar) were compared. The results showed that for both wheat cultivars, soil application of CSMS treatment or combined treatment significantly increased the soil pH by 0.61-0.69 and significantly reduced the soil available cadmium content by 40%-62%; combined treatment significantly increased seeds per spike, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield by 16%-19%, 5%, 23%-26%, respectively; three treatments significantly reduced the grain cadmium content by 46%-76%, and the combined effect was better than that of the single treatment, especially qualifying the quality of the agricultural product of Jimai 22, and increasing the economic benefits. The study showed that soil application of CSMS+foliar application of Zn-SA+Jimai 22 was a feasible technology model, which provided technical support for achieving safe utilization of moderately cadmium-contaminated farmland and quality safety of agricultural products.

Key words: cadmium-contaminated farmland, low cadmium accumulation wheat, composite spent mushroom substrate, zinc sugar alcohol, safe utilization

中图分类号: 

  • X53

表1

试验地土壤基本化学性质($N = 32, \bar x \pm s$)"

pH 电导率/(μs·cm-1) 有机质质量分数/(g·kg-1) 碱解氮质量分数/(mg·kg-1) 有效磷质量分数/(mg·kg-1) 速效钾质量分数/(mg·kg-1) 有效态镉质量分数/(mg·kg-1) 总镉质量分数/(mg·kg-1)
7.53±0.15 54.5±8.9 38.51±3.82 102.07±7.29 38.98±12.87 110.07±7.50 1.11±0.40 2.01±0.73

图1

不同处理方式对济麦22和周麦32两个小麦品种土壤pH的影响 注：1.图中误差棒表示4次重复的标准差，下同; 2.根据配对样本t检验，含有相同小写字母表示小麦收获期与处理前同一处理的土壤pH间差异不显著(p＞0.05)。"

图2

不同处理方式对济麦22和周麦32两个小麦品种土壤有效态镉质量分数的影响 注：根据配对样本t检验，图中含有相同小写字母表示小麦收获期与处理前同一处理的土壤有效态镉质量分数间差异不显著(p＞0.05)。"

图3

不同处理方式对济麦22和周麦32产量及其构成因素的影响 注：根据单因素方差分析和Duncan法多重比较，图中含有相同小写字母表示不同处理间差异不显著(p＞0.05)，下同。"

图4

不同处理对济麦22和周麦32籽粒镉质量分数的影响"

图5

济麦22小麦品种和土壤相关指标的主成分分析和相关性分析 注：1.图(b)中红色表示正相关，蓝色表示负相关，下同；颜色越深，相关性越强，反之亦然，下同；框中数字表示相关系数，下同。2.圆的大小表示相关程度；圆越大，相关性越强。"

图6

周麦32小麦品种和土壤相关指标的主成分分析和相关性分析 注：图(b)中椭圆的圆度表示相关程度；圆度越大，相关性越强。"

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