活动断层下城市地铁隧道变形破坏与损伤

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2022.354

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

依托某跨断层隧道工程, 建立断层-隧道-围岩的精细化三维数值模型, 考虑实际盾构施工中的注浆压力、顶推力、注浆时效硬化和材料的非线性行为。通过数值模型分析盾构隧道穿越不同宽度、倾角、倾向的断层破碎带时的变形机制、力学特性及损伤演化, 利用控制变量法分别改变断层的宽度、倾角和倾向来研究单一变量的影响。研究结果表明：隧道拱顶的变形和损伤面积与断层宽度的增加呈现正相关, 随着断层宽度的增加拱顶挤压现象更加明显, 但当断层宽度增加至一定限值时, 衬砌拱顶将脱离围岩向洞内凹陷, 拱顶的应力呈现先增大后减小的趋势；随着断层倾角的增加, 衬砌拱顶向洞内收敛量先增后减小, 初始损伤位置与断层倾角相关; 断层倾向增加使隧道的损伤范围和程度不断减小, 环向应力集中受断层倾向影响较明显, 随断层倾向的增加, 雷达应力图由“X”逐渐转变为“十”字形。在隧道选址阶段, 应尽量让隧道正交穿越断层且在穿越较宽的断层时提前采取预加固措施来保证隧道的安全稳定性。

关键词: 活动断层, 盾构隧道, 数值分析, 损伤演化, 力学特性

Abstract:

Based on a tunnel project across a fault, a refined three-dimensional numerical model of fault tunnel surrounding rock was established in this study. The grouting pressure, jacking force, grouting hardening and nonlinear behavior of materials in actual shield construction were considered in the models. Through a series of numerical models, the deformation mechanism, mechanical properties and damage evolution of shield tunnels crossing fault fracture zones with different widths, dip angles and included angle were analyzed. In numerical simulation, the control variable method was used to change the width, dip angle and included angle of the fault respectively to study the influence of a single variable. The results showed that the deformation and damage area of tunnel vault were positively correlated with the increase of fault width. With the increase of the fault width, the arch extrusion became more obvious. However, when the fault width increased to a certain limit, the lining arch would converge to the tunnel from the surrounding rock, and the stress in the arch would increase first and then decrease. With the increase of fault dip angle, the inward convergence of lining arch crown first increased and then decreased, and the initial damage location was related to the fault dip angle. The damage scope and extent of the tunnel decreased continuously with the increase of fault included angle. The circumferential stress concentration was obviously affected by the fault included angle. With the increase of fault tendency, the radar stress gradually changed from "X" to "cross-shaped". Therefore, the tunnel should cross the fault orthogonally as far as possible in the stage of tunnel location and pre-reinforcement measures should be taken in advance when crossing a wide fault to ensure the safety and stability of the tunnel.

Key words: active faults, shield tunnels, numerical analysis, damage evolution, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TU43

肖文斌,谢印标,郑扬,武科,陈榕,李秋雷,程睿哲. 活动断层下城市地铁隧道变形破坏与损伤[J]. 山东大学学报 (工学版), 2023, 53(3): 1-13.

Wenbin XIAO,Yinbiao XIE,Yang ZHENG,Ke WU,Rong CHEN,Qiulei LI,Ruizhe CHENG. Deformation failure and damage evolution of urban metro tunnels under active faults[J]. Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science), 2023, 53(3): 1-13.

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材料类型	密度/(kg·m^-3)	弹性模量/MPa	泊松比	内摩擦角/(°)	黏聚力/kPa
断层破碎带	2 040	110	0.30	28	35
强风化花岗岩	2 296	300	0.28	36	150

应力/MPa	非弹性应变/%	受压损伤因子	应力/MPa	开裂应变/%	损伤/%
18.9	0	0	2.73	0	0
32.9	0.048	0.183 4	2.42	0.002	13.940
33.1	0.091	0.283 1	2.02	0.005	27.222
31.9	0.111	0.326 0	1.70	0.008	37.648
28.5	0.155	0.410 4	1.45	0.010	45.651
23.1	0.221	0.517 6	1.26	0.012	51.870
17.7	0.304	0.620 7	1.12	0.014	56.801
13.2	0.402	0.704 9	0.91	0.018	64.082
8.0	0.619	0.810 6	0.57	0.030	77.057
5.6	0.828	0.861 2	0.31	0.062	88.159

材料类型	力学行为	密度/(kg·m^-3)	弹性模量/MPa	泊松比	内摩擦角/(°)	黏聚力/kPa
盾构机	弹性	7 600	200 000	0.30
衬砌	弹性	2 500	24 150	0.20	16.5	25
注浆层(初始)	弹性	2 420	48	0.35
注浆层(硬化)	弹性	2 420	230	0.30

计算工况	拱顶最大沉降/mm	拱底最大沉降/mm	拱侧最大水平位移/mm
工况Ⅰ-1 (w=3D)	3.9	1.9	1.5
工况Ⅰ-2 (w=4D)	5.2	2.4	1.4
工况Ⅰ-3 (w=5D)	6.4	2.6	1.9
工况Ⅰ-4 (w=5.5D)	8.3	2.7	3.8
工况Ⅰ-5 (w=7D)	9.8	4.2	4.7
工况Ⅱ-1 (β=60°)	6.5	1.9	0.2
工况Ⅱ-2 (β=75°)	3.5	1.9	0.1
工况Ⅱ-2 (β=90°)	4.4	2.1	0.1
工况Ⅲ-1 (α=45°)	4.9	2.6	0.2
工况Ⅲ-2 (α=60°)	4.3	2.2	0.2
工况Ⅲ-3 (α=75°)	4.8	2.5	0.1
工况Ⅲ-3 (α=90°)	4.4	2.1	0.1

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