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山东大学学报 (工学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 115-122.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2019.063

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基于数字测量技术的桥梁监测及预警系统

于承新1(),张国建2,*(),赵永谦3,刘晓东4,丁新华5,赵同龙6   

  1. 1. 山东建筑大学商学院, 山东 济南 250101
    2. 中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院, 江苏 徐州 221116
    3. 山东建筑大学理学院, 山东 济南 250101
    4. 山东建筑大学继续教育学院, 山东 济南 250101
    5. 山东省地图院, 山东 济南 250001
    6. 山东建筑大学测绘地理信息学院, 山东 济南 250101
  • 收稿日期:2019-02-15 出版日期:2020-02-20 发布日期:2020-02-14
  • 通讯作者: 张国建 E-mail:ycx1108@126.com;G_J_Zhang@cumt.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:于承新(1961—)，男，山东烟台人,教授，主要研究方向为近景摄影测量. E-mail：ycx1108@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX19_2162);中国矿业大学研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX19_2162);山东省科技攻关计划项目(2010GZX20125);2016山东建筑大学博士科研基金资助项目(XNBS1635);山东省住房和城乡建设厅科技计划项目(2017-K2-001)

Bridge monitoring and warning system based on digital measurement technology

Chengxin YU1(),Guojian ZHANG2,*(),Yongqian ZHAO3,Xiaodong LIU4,Xinhua DING5,Tonglong ZHAO6   

  1. 1. Business school, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, Shandong, China
    2. School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining & Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, China
    3. School of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, Shandong, China
    4. College of Continuing Education, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, Shandong, China
    5. Map Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan 250001, Shandong, China
    6. Colledge of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, Shandong, China
  • Received:2019-02-15 Online:2020-02-20 Published:2020-02-14
  • Contact: Guojian ZHANG E-mail:ycx1108@126.com;G_J_Zhang@cumt.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX19_2162);中国矿业大学研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX19_2162);山东省科技攻关计划项目(2010GZX20125);2016山东建筑大学博士科研基金资助项目(XNBS1635);山东省住房和城乡建设厅科技计划项目(2017-K2-001)

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摘要：

为了弥补传统测量手段在监测桥梁整体变形和长期实时监测的不足,克服基于单目视觉的数字摄影技术无法监测桥梁三维变形的缺陷,提出图像匹配-时间基线视差法。在适当位置布设观测站,架设数码相机,在距离数码相机不远处布设参考点组成参考平面,使得参考平面与摄影方向垂直,在桥梁上布设观测点。根据图像匹配-时间基线视差法求得变形点在物平面上的二维变形值,再利用三维变形监测原理将物平面上的水平变形分解到沿桥梁方向和垂直于桥梁方向,从而求得桥梁的三维变形。结果表明:桥梁变形点的监测精度在物平面上的X方向上为0.72 mm,在Z方向上为1.16 mm,能够满足变形监测的精度要求。凤凰山路桥在X, Y, Z以及综合方向上都表现出较好的弹性,且最大的正负挠度的绝对值之和为7.57 mm≈(1/8)×(L/1000)(桥梁挠度的容许变形),桥梁的健康状态良好。桥梁监测及预警系统能够实现数据获取、传输、存储、处理,以及结果展示一体化,且变形曲线图能够直观展示桥梁结构的变形走向,有效的预警潜在的危险。

关键词: 数字测量技术, 图像匹配-时间基线视差法, 桥梁, 三维变形, 动态监测, 安全预警

Abstract:

In order to make up the deficiency of the traditional measuring method in monitoring the whole deformation and real-time monitoring of the bridge and overcome the defect of digital photography in monitoring the three-dimensional deformation of a bridge, this paper presented the image matching-time baseline parallax method: a digital camera was set up in the proper place, and a reference plane, consisting of reference points, was not far from the digital camera. Reference plane was perpendicular to the photographic direction, and the monitoring points were on the bridge. The two-dimensional deformation on the object plane of the deformation point was obtained based on image matching-time baseline parallax method, then the horizontal deformation on object plane was disassembled into the bridge direction and the direction perpendicular to bridge direction based on the principle of three-dimensional deformation monitoring, The three-dimensional deformation of the bridge was got. Results showed that measurement accuracy of the bridge was 0.72 mm and 1.16 mm in X and Z direction on object plane, respectively. It could meet accuracy requirements of deformation monitoring. As Phoenix mountain road-bridge showed good flexibility in X, Y, Z and comprehensive direction, and the absolute of the maximum positive and negative deflection was 7.57 mm, which was approximately equal to 1/8 of the allowable deflection of the bridge (L/1 000), and the bridge was in good health. Bridge health monitoring and warning system could achieve the integration of data acquisition, storage, processing and display. The deformation curves could show the deformation trend of the bridge and effectively warn the potential danger.

Key words: digital measuring technique, image matching-time baseline parallax method, bridge, three-dimensional deformation, dynamic monitoring, safety warning

中图分类号: 

  • P234.1

表1

数码相机监测精度检定"

线段 解算长度 精测长度 差值
U0—U2 588 589 1
U1—U3 596 595 1
U2—U4 599 599 0

图1

图像匹配-时间基线视差法"

图2

桥梁健康监测及预警软件界面"

图3

凤凰山路桥试验现场"

图4

三维变形监测原理"

表2

点位空间坐标"

点名 X Y Z
SONY500 999.456 994.122 99.950
U1 942.712 955.451 101.884
U2 948.751 954.529 101.955
U3 954.701 953.632 102.005
U4 958.567 952.600 102.786
U5 974.324 950.199 102.684

表3

数码相机在试验中的监测精度"

参考点 X方向监测精度 Z方向监测精度 实际监测精度
C6 0.42 0.63 0.78
C7 0.80 0.59 0.99
C8 0.68 1.05 1.25
C9 0.75 1.26 1.47

表4

变形点的三维变形值"

序号 U3 U4 U5
X Y Z X Y Z X Y Z
1 -1.59 -1.27 2.58 -1.05 -0.84 2.81 -1.55 -1.24 2.50
2 -1.50 -1.20 -0.39 -1.09 -0.87 0.53 -2.57 -2.05 -0.42
3 -1.30 -1.04 0.37 -0.86 -0.69 0.37 -1.85 -1.48 -0.58
4 -1.59 -1.27 1.23 -1.05 -0.84 1.17 -1.55 -1.24 -0.40
5 -1.59 -1.27 1.05 -1.05 -0.84 1.93 -0.83 -0.66 -0.56
6 -1.59 -1.27 0.56 -1.05 -0.84 0.69 -1.55 -1.24 1.27
7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.73 0.58 0.00 0.73 0.58 -0.93
8 0.53 0.42 0.98 1.11 0.89 1.25 0.16 0.12 1.55
9 -2.05 -1.64 0.67 -1.72 -1.37 0.63 -3.20 -2.56 0.01
10 -1.59 -1.27 -1.67 -1.05 -0.84 -1.90 -1.55 -1.24 -2.57
11 -0.76 -0.61 0.54 -0.24 -0.19 0.53 -1.21 -0.97 0.51
12 -1.60 -1.28 -2.06 -1.05 -0.84 -2.30 -0.83 -0.66 -3.00
13 -2.02 -1.62 -1.67 -1.59 -1.27 -1.90 -2.58 -2.06 -2.57
14 -1.50 -1.20 -0.42 -1.09 -0.87 -0.56 -1.84 -1.47 -1.22

图5

U1-U5动态变形曲线图"

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