电力系统频率动态行为衍变与分析方法需求综述

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2021.174

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

低惯量可再生能源发展导致电力系统运行形态发生变化, 频率动态行为愈加复杂, 频率安全稳定面临新的挑战。阐述频率动态响应过程, 综述频率动态行为量化特征和分析方法, 强调基于人工智能分析方法的优势和前景。从可再生能源发电强波动、电源非同步并网低惯量及大功率缺额与连锁故障高风险三个角度, 分析电力系统运行形态变化, 探讨对频率分析与控制的新要求。剖析可再生能源快速发展背景下电力系统等效惯量的内涵, 综述可再生能源虚拟惯量控制方法, 强调多类型虚拟惯量协调控制的优势和前景。总结频率分析与控制领域中亟待研究的重点内容, 给出后续研究建议。

关键词: 频率动态响应, 频率安全性, 频率稳定性, 可再生能源, 等效惯量

Abstract:

The development of renewable energies changed the operation states of power systems, which complicated the frequency dynamics and brought about new challenges to frequency security and stability. The process of frequency dynamic response was introduced, whose quantitative characteristics and analysis methods were reviewed. And the strengths and promising prospects of frequency dynamics analysis method based on artificial intelligence were emphasized. From the viewpoints of the strong variability of renewables energies, the low inertia of nonsynchronous power sources, and the high risk of large power deficits and cascading faults, the changes of the operation states of power systems were analyzed, and the new requirements on frequency analysis and control were discussed. The inertia definition of power systems with the rapid development of renewable energies was revealed, and the virtual inertia control methods were reviewed. The strengths and promising prospects of the coordination control of multi-type virtual inertia were emphasized. The important issues to be focused in the research area of frequency analysis and control were summarized, and the suggestions for further studies were provided.

Key words: frequency dynamic response, frequency security, frequency stability, renewable energies, equivalent inertia

中图分类号:

TM61

张恒旭,曹永吉,张怡,李常刚,阮佳程,TerzijaVLADIMIR. 电力系统频率动态行为衍变与分析方法需求综述[J]. 山东大学学报 (工学版), 2021, 51(5): 42-52.

Hengxu ZHANG,Yongji CAO,Yi ZHANG,Changgang LI,Jiacheng RUAN,VLADIMIR Terzija. Review of frequency dynamic behavior evolution and analysis method requirements of power system[J]. Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science), 2021, 51(5): 42-52.

图/表 3

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阶段	主导因素	时间尺度
扰动初始	整步功率系数	0~0.5 s
惯量响应	惯量	0.5~2 s
一次调频响应	一次调频能力	2 s至几十秒
二次调频响应	二次调频能力	几十秒至十几分钟

分析方法	基础理论	优点	缺点
基于简化模型	平均系统频率模型/系统频率响应模型	计算速度快	计算精度低, 难以描述频率时空分布特性
全时域仿真	机电暂态仿真模型	计算精度高	计算速度慢
基于人工智能	人工智能方法	计算速度较快、精度较高	依赖训练数据, 难以解释物理含义

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