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山东大学学报 (工学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 95-102.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2017.577

• 土木工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

三维动静组合加载下花岗岩能量耗散试验研究

马少森1(),陈卫忠1,赵武胜2   

  1. 1. 山东大学岩土与结构工程研究中心, 山东 济南 250061
    2. 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430071
  • 收稿日期:2017-11-09 出版日期:2019-06-20 发布日期:2019-06-27
  • 作者简介:马少森(1991—),男,北京人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为隧道与地下工程. E-mail: mashaosen1109@gmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)资助项目(2015CB057906)

Experimental study on energy dissipation of granite subjected to three-dimensional coupled static and dynamic loading

Shaosen MA1(),Weizhong CHEN1,Wusheng ZHAO2   

  1. 1. Research Center of Geotechnical and Structural Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
  • Received:2017-11-09 Online:2019-06-20 Published:2019-06-27
  • Supported by:
    国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)资助项目(2015CB057906)

摘要:

利用改造的三维霍普金森试验系统(split Hopkinson pressure bar, SHPB),选取4个轴压水平(25, 50, 75和100 MPa)和4个围压水平(0, 5, 10和15 MPa),对应开展4种应变率(约70, 90, 110和130 s-1)下花岗岩三维动静组合加载试验研究,分析静载轴压、静载围压和应变率对花岗岩受冲击过程中能量耗散的影响规律,并讨论其破坏模式。试验结果表明:轴压增大时,花岗岩破坏时单位体积吸收能逐渐降低;围压或应变率增大时,单位体积吸收能逐渐升高。岩石储能极限在能量耗散过程中发挥关键作用,且不同情况下具体表现不同:储能极限与初始储能的差值影响岩石受冲击时的吸能值;当岩石在静载下进入损伤阶段初期时,储能极限与初始储能的比值决定岩石受冲击时的释能值;当岩石在静载下进入损伤阶段后期甚至发生屈服时,储能极限值正比于岩石释能值。此外,岩石破坏模式与单位体积耗散能关系密切:应变率相似静载组合变化时,破碎程度与单位体积吸收能变化呈负相关;静载组合确定应变率梯度变化时,破碎程度与单位体积吸收能变化呈正相关。

关键词: 花岗岩, 三维动静组合加载, 应变率, 能量耗散, 破坏模式

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of axial static stress, confining pressure, strain rate on the energy dissipation and failure patterns of granite under three-dimensional coupled static-dynamic loading on a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. In particular, four levels of axial static stress (25, 50, 75 and 100 MPa), four levels of confining pressure (0, 5, 10 and 15 MPa) and four levels of strain rate (70, 90, 110, 130 s-1) were respectively set up. The test results showed that the absorbed energy per unit volume increased with the decreasing axial static stress, growing confining pressure and higher strain rate. Moreover, it was found that energy storage limit (ESL) played vital roles in the process of energy absorption and release in various situations during the impact: the difference between ESL and initial energy determined the energy absorption value; the ratio between them derived the energy release value when the rock entered early damage stage under static stresses. ESL itself, on the other hand, was proportional to the energy release value when the rock turned into late damage stage before dynamic loading. In addition, the destructiveness had a close correlation with energy dissipation: such a correlation maintained negative when the strain rates were similar and static stress combinations varied; it turned to be positive when static stress combinations were fixed and strain rates varied.

Key words: granite, three-dimensional coupled static-dynamic loading, strain rate, energy dissipation, failure pattern

中图分类号: 

  • TD803

图1

花岗岩偏应力-应变关系曲线"

表1

花岗岩静力学参数"

围压/MPa 抗压强度/MPa 线性极限/MPa E50割线模量/GPa
0 110.01 76.36 30.65
5 132.05 89.63 30.94
10 161.27 107.21 31.19
15 182.06 127.30 31.72

图2

改造的SHPB试验系统构造图[8]"

图3

冲击前后岩样应力状态"

表2

三维动静组合加载试验结果"

试验编号 轴压/MPa 围压/MPa 单位体积吸收能/(J·cm-3)
重复试验a 重复试验b 重复试验c
1 25 0 1.29(94.83) 1.49(88.45) 1.41(87.63)
2 50 0 0.26(88.59) 0.33(85.39) 0.39(89.63)
3 75 0 -0.11(92.36) -0.28(92.61) -0.19(92.43)
4 100 0 -0.18(84.99) -0.06(94.56) -0.05(93.47)
5 25 5 2.13(90.68) 2.24(89.76) 2.06(87.12)
6 50 5 0.68(87.63) 0.73(97.12) 0.82(86.34)
7 75 5 -0.44(93.66) -0.35(87.06) -0.53(91.32)
8 100 5 -0.21(96.01) -0.35(84.83) -0.24(93.61)
9 25 10 2.68(86.93) 2.86(93.91) 2.72(88.02)
10 50 10 1.4(87.24) 1.46(94.62) 1.59(88.59)
11 75 10 0.19(91.67) 0.04(93.33) 0.11(94.62)
12 100 10 -0.93(94.22) -0.8(91.12) -0.92(98.62)
13 25 15 3.42(89.75) 3.54(89.23) 3.53(85.95)
14 50 15 2.13(86.52) 1.94(86.22) 2.01(91.36)
15 75 15 0.64(91.82) 0.47(90.68) 0.52(92.30)
16 100 15 -0.22(93.93) -0.39(85.34) -0.36(93.53)
17 25 0 1.09(66.98) 1.35(71.63) 1.21(75.95)
18 25 0 1.45(115.11) 1.64(109.62) 1.55(113.49)
19 25 0 1.83(136.09) 1.61(128.76) 1.73(131.63)
20 25 5 1.81(71.22) 1.62(67.85) 1.56(73.68)
21 25 5 2.51(111.53) 2.71(115.93) 2.43(107.67)
22 25 5 2.69(123.12) 2.85(134.72) 2.99(131.09)
23 25 10 1.96(73.33) 1.87(65.73) 2.08(66.82)
24 25 10 3.45(104.52) 3.36(108.37) 3.57(109.48)
25 25 10 4.15(127.88) 4.00(126.41) 4.26(136.25)
26 25 15 2.65(71.42) 2.75(74.04) 2.52(69.75)
27 25 15 4.33(108.24) 4.47(107.34) 4.6(114.34)
28 25 15 5.46(132.96) 5.35(137.52) 5.24(125.83)
29 50 5 0.29(75.21) 0.40(71.92) 0.51(66.50)
30 50 5 1.05(114.32) 1.16(104.62) 1.28(116.53)
31 50 5 1.67(125.30) 1.57(136.50) 1.49(137.40)
32 75 5 -0.97(74.69) -0.78(66.52) -0.82(71.20)
33 75 5 -0.02(113.07) -0.07(110.82) -0.12(109.71)
34 75 5 0.41(138.63) 0.31(132.12) 0.55(134.52)
35 100 5 -0.54(66.88) -0.67(78.30) -0.78(72.93)
36 100 5 0.06(106.52) 0.25(114.22) 0.16(105.63)
37 100 5 0.45(129.63) 0.56(137.29) 0.71(128.60)

图4

岩石单位体积吸收能随轴压变化规律"

图5

岩石单位体积吸收能随围压变化规律"

图6

岩石单位体积吸收能随应变率变化规律"

图7

花岗岩典型破坏模式"

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