超前支护对隧道围岩应力影响的模型试验研究

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2025.180

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对浅埋大断面黄土隧道施工中围岩应力重分布问题,结合模型试验与数值模拟,对比无支护、超前小导管及超前管棚3种工况下围岩应力重分布规律。试验创新应用3D打印滑动连接件实现三台阶分步开挖模拟,建立内部应力监测体系。结果表明,超前管棚能在掌子面前方形成纵向长-高度高的强三维土拱,显著降低围岩应力释放率(由54.9%降至14.3%),有效将上方土体自重转移至隧道两侧;同时,大幅抑制塑性区扩展(塑性区面积减少49.1%)并减小松弛区范围(高度由17.5 m降至14.1 m,面积由138 m²降至110 m²),增强了围岩自承能力并改变围岩压力特性。本研究揭示了超前支护通过强化三维土拱效应以调控应力重分布的作用机制,为浅埋黄土隧道围岩压力计算与超前支护设计等提供理论依据。

关键词: 浅埋黄土隧道, 模型试验, 超前管棚, 超前小导管, 围岩内部应力

Abstract: To address the issue of stress redistribution in the surrounding rock during the construction of shallow, large-section loess tunnels, the stress redistribution patterns under three conditions—no advance support, advance small pipes, and advance pipe umbrella—were investigated through model testing and numerical simulation. In the experiments, 3D-printed sliding connectors were innovatively employed to simulate three-stage step excavation, and an internal stress monitoring system was established. The results showed that the advance pipe umbrella formed a strong three-dimensional soil arch with considerable longitudinal length and height ahead of the tunnel face. This significantly reduced the stress release rate of the surrounding soil(from 54.9% to 14.3%)and effectively transferred the overburden weight to both sides of the tunnel. At the same time, the expansion of the plastic zone was substantially suppressed(the plastic zone area was reduced by 49.1%), and the extent of the relaxation zone was diminished(the height decreased from 17.5 m to 14.1 m, and the area was reduced from 138 m² to 110 m². Consequently, the self-supporting capacity of the surrounding rock was enhanced, and its pressure characteristics were altered. This study revealed the mechanism by which advance support regulates stress redistribution through the reinforcement of the 3D soil arch effect, providing a theoretical basis for calculating surrounding rock pressure and designing advance support in shallow-buried loess tunnels.

Key words: shallow loess tunnel, model test, advanced pipe roof, advanced small pipe, soil internal stress

中图分类号:

TU443

孟浩然,李尧,陈厚先,李林,杜旭超. 超前支护对隧道围岩应力影响的模型试验研究[J]. 山东大学学报 (工学版), 2026, 56(2): 60-75.

MENG Haoran, LI Yao, CHEN Houxian, LI Lin, DU Xuchao. Model test study on the influence of advance support on tunnel surrounding rock stress[J]. Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science), 2026, 56(2): 60-75.

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