Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science) ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (2): 96-111.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2025.095

• Civil Engineering • Previous Articles    

The data recovery, extraction and detection methods of acoustic wave detection in complex tunnel construction environments

YE Shengming1,2, WANG Rui1,2, CHEN Long1,2, ZHANG Xiangchao3, CHEN Lei1,2*, CAO Hongyi1,2   

  1. YE Shengming1, 2, WANG Rui1, 2, CHEN Long1, 2, ZHANG Xiangchao3, CHEN Lei1, 2*, CAO Hongyi1, 2(1. State Key Laboratory for Tunnel Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China;
    2. Institute of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China;
    3. Zhaolou Coal Mine of Yanzhou Coal Heze Energy &
    Chemical Co., Ltd., Heze 274705, Shandong, China
  • Published:2026-04-13

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Abstract: To acquire the detected reflected acoustic waves of unfavorable geology inside the rock mass, sensors needed to be installed on the tunnel sidewalls for seismic wave vibration collection. However, the excavated surface of the tunnel rock mass was uneven, which affected the coupling of sensors and led to distortion in the collection of characteristics such as amplitude and waveform. Meanwhile, strong noise was generated by multiple operating processes including tunnel motors and pump stations, which interfered with the identification and extraction of acoustic wave responses related to unfavorable geology in the tunnel.In response to these issues, a method for detecting unfavorable geology in tunnel construction based on acoustic wave attenuation compensation and denoising was proposed in this research. Focusing on the uneven rock mass surface caused by excavation, the acoustic wave signal characteristics under different coupling forms were revealed through numerical simulation studies, and the dry coupling materials suitable for acoustic wave collection were optimally selected. At the same time, aiming at the energy attenuation of acoustic wave propagation on uneven surfaces, the amplitude attenuation law was analyzed based on measured data. An amplitude attenuation compensation method for acoustic wave transmission on uneven surfaces was constructed based on Butterworth filtering, and the acoustic wave noise suppression method combined with empirical mode decomposition(EMD)and wavelet transform was improved. Through these measures, the identification and extraction of high-resolution acoustic wave reflected wavefields were realized.The above method was successfully verified on the surface of the actual engineering rock mass in front of the roadway of Ezhuang Coal Mine. The test results showed that the quality of acoustic wave signals on the uneven rock surface of the tunnel was improved, which was conducive to identifying the acoustic wave response signals of unfavorable geology and provided guidance for the detection of unfavorable geology in front of the tunnel.

Key words: geological condition detection of tunnel, acoustic wave detection, wave field observation, attenuation compensation, noise suppression

CLC Number: 

  • P631
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