Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science) ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (4): 135-144.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2025.239

• Civil Engineering • Previous Articles    

Water pressure characteristics in prevention and control measures for water and mud inrush disasters in water-rich soft rock tunnel

Jiang Yongjun1, Chen Xin1, Lan Qingnan2,3, Zhang Zhiqiang2,3*   

  1. Jiang Yongjun1, Chen Xin1, Lan Qingnan2, 3, Zhang Zhiqiang2, 3*(1. CCCC Highway Consultants Co., Ltd., Beijing 100007, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geotechnics and Tunnelling, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China;
    3. School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
  • Published:2026-08-12

Abstract: In order to quantitatively analyze the distribution patterns of water pressure in the initial support after tunnel excavation,this study established a fluid-solid coupling three-dimensional numerical model to investigate the distribution characteristics of water pressure in the surrounding rock around and ahead of the tunnel face under various conditions, including the number of advance drainage pipes, the scope of zoned grouting, and different prevention and control measures.The research results indicated,after implementing advance drainage measures, a interconnected "funnel-shaped" low-pressure zone gradually forms in the surrounding rock under continuous dewatering. When the number of drainage pipes exceeds nine, the drainage and pressure relief capacity approaches saturation, and further increasing the number of pipes no longer significantly reduced the water pressure at the tunnel face. The distribution characteristics of water pressure in the surrounding rock and the initial support were strongly correlated with the scope of zoned grouting. In terms of water-blocking effectiveness, full-face curtain grouting was superior to half-face curtain grouting and full-perimeter grouting. The combination of advance drainage and blocking measures could prevent groundwater inflow from outside the grouted area while draining groundwater within the grouted area, effectively reducing the risk of water and mud inrush during construction. This approach also helped protect the groundwater environment and reduces the water pressure on the initial support to approximately 120 kPa, contributing to the safety and stability of the tunnel structure.

Key words: mountain tunnel, water-rich weak surrounding rock, water and mud inrush, prevention and control measures, fluid-solid coupling

CLC Number: 

  • U458.1
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