隧道施工复杂环境声波探测数据恢复提取与探测方法

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2025.095

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为获取岩体内部不良地质的探测反射声波,需要将传感器安装于隧道边墙进行地震波震动采集。然而,隧道岩体开挖面凹凸不平,传感器耦合受影响,振幅、波形等特性采集失真;同时,隧道电机、泵站多作业工序产生强噪声,干扰隧道不良地质声波响应的识别提取。对此,本研究提出基于声波衰减补偿和去噪的隧道施工不良地质探测方法,重点针对开挖产生的非平整岩体表面,通过数值仿真揭示不同耦合形式下的声波信号特征,优选适用声波采集的干耦合材料,同时针对非平整面声波传播能量衰减,基于实测数据分析振幅衰减规律,基于巴特沃斯滤波构建非平整面声波传递振幅衰减补偿方法,改进基于经验模态分解与小波变换联合的声波噪声压制方法,实现高分辨声波反射波场的识别与提取。上述方法在鄂庄煤矿巷道前方实际工程岩体表面得到了成功验证,试验结果表明,该方法能有效提高隧道非平整岩面的声波信号质量,有利于识别不良地质的声波响应信号,为隧道前方不良地质探测提供了指导。

关键词: 隧道不良地质探测, 声波探测, 波场特征, 衰减补偿, 噪声压制

Abstract: To acquire the detected reflected acoustic waves of unfavorable geology inside the rock mass, sensors needed to be installed on the tunnel sidewalls for seismic wave vibration collection. However, the excavated surface of the tunnel rock mass was uneven, which affected the coupling of sensors and led to distortion in the collection of characteristics such as amplitude and waveform. Meanwhile, strong noise was generated by multiple operating processes including tunnel motors and pump stations, which interfered with the identification and extraction of acoustic wave responses related to unfavorable geology in the tunnel.In response to these issues, a method for detecting unfavorable geology in tunnel construction based on acoustic wave attenuation compensation and denoising was proposed in this research. Focusing on the uneven rock mass surface caused by excavation, the acoustic wave signal characteristics under different coupling forms were revealed through numerical simulation studies, and the dry coupling materials suitable for acoustic wave collection were optimally selected. At the same time, aiming at the energy attenuation of acoustic wave propagation on uneven surfaces, the amplitude attenuation law was analyzed based on measured data. An amplitude attenuation compensation method for acoustic wave transmission on uneven surfaces was constructed based on Butterworth filtering, and the acoustic wave noise suppression method combined with empirical mode decomposition(EMD)and wavelet transform was improved. Through these measures, the identification and extraction of high-resolution acoustic wave reflected wavefields were realized.The above method was successfully verified on the surface of the actual engineering rock mass in front of the roadway of Ezhuang Coal Mine. The test results showed that the quality of acoustic wave signals on the uneven rock surface of the tunnel was improved, which was conducive to identifying the acoustic wave response signals of unfavorable geology and provided guidance for the detection of unfavorable geology in front of the tunnel.

Key words: geological condition detection of tunnel, acoustic wave detection, wave field observation, attenuation compensation, noise suppression

中图分类号:

P631

叶胜酩,王瑞,陈龙,张相超,陈磊,曹弘毅. 隧道施工复杂环境声波探测数据恢复提取与探测方法[J]. 山东大学学报 (工学版), 2026, 56(2): 96-111.

YE Shengming, WANG Rui, CHEN Long, ZHANG Xiangchao, CHEN Lei, CAO Hongyi. The data recovery, extraction and detection methods of acoustic wave detection in complex tunnel construction environments[J]. Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science), 2026, 56(2): 96-111.

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