您的位置：山东大学 -> 科技期刊社 -> 《山东大学学报（工学版）》

山东大学学报 (工学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (3): 1-14.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2024.278

• 土木工程 •    下一篇

天津软土基坑降水引发变形机理及控制方法研究进展

郑刚1,2,程雪松2,栗晴瀚2*,邱骏2,程文隆2,周世龙2   

  1. 1.水利工程智能建设与运维全国重点实验室(天津大学), 天津 300072;2.天津大学建筑工程学院, 天津 300072)
  • 发布日期:2026-06-09
  • 作者简介:郑刚(1967— ),男,贵州贵阳人,教授,博士生导师,博士,主要研究方向为岩土工程. E-mail:zhenggang1967@163.com. *通信作者简介:栗晴瀚(1995— ),男,河北邢台人,助理研究员,博士,主要研究方向为基坑工程地下水控制. E-mail:liqh1995@tju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFC3009300);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体资助项目(52421005);天津市杰出青年基金资助项目(24JCJQJC00170)

Research overview on the mechanism of deformation induced by excavation dewatering and countermeasures in soft soil stratum in Tianjin

ZHENG Gang1,2, CHENG Xuesong2, LI Qinghan2*, QIU Jun2, CHENG Wenlong2, ZHOU Shilong2   

  1. ZHENG Gang1, 2, CHENG Xuesong2, LI Qinghan2*, QIU Jun2, CHENG Wenlong2, ZHOU Shilong2(1. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
    2. School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
  • Published:2026-06-09

PDF (PC)

16

摘要： 针对天津地区含水层越流明显、渗透性较低的特点,依托实际工程对基坑降水引发变形机理和控制方法进行研究。对比分析疏干和减压2种类型降水引发围护结构变形、土层沉降和坑外隧道变形的不同机理,揭示含水层越流对变形的重大影响及机理。进一步将降水引发变形的控制策略分为基坑降水系统优化和地下水回灌主动控制两大类。架设首道支撑、分段降水在不同地层对控制降水引发围护结构变形均有一定作用,在越流地层中深浅井降水系统比传统混合井能大幅降低坑外沉降。通过现场试验及工程应用证明,地下水回灌对于天津等地区的粉土粉砂含水层同样具有较好的水位控制效果,并进一步揭示回灌锥、井损等回灌与降水理论的区别,提出加压回灌与隔层回灌等高效回灌控沉技术。针对粉土粉砂含水层回灌堵塞问题,揭示颗粒迁移引发堵塞的机理,提出双井组合回灌、井距优化、邻井加压结合回扬的防堵塞回灌技术。本研究通过对基坑降水引发变形的机理、降水系统优化、地下水回灌等理论及应用技术的总结梳理,以期为软土地区基坑降水引发的环境影响控制提供参考,助力城市建设安全和水资源保护。

关键词: 软土地区, 基坑工程, 降水影响, 降水方案优化, 地下水回灌

Abstract: In view of the characteristics of obvious aquifer leakage and low permeability of aquifers in Tianjin, the study investigated the deformation mechanism and control methods caused by excavation dewatering based on actual engineering projects. The different mechanisms of retaining structure deformation, soil settlement, and adjacent tunnel deformation induced by two types of excavation dewatering, drainage dewatering and pressure relief dewatering, were comparatively analysed. The significant influences of aquifer leakage on deformation and its mechanism were revealed. The control strategies for deformation caused by dewatering were divided into two major categories, “optimization for excavation dewatering system” and “active control with groundwater recharge”. The first strut and segmented dewatering proved effective in controlling dewatering-induced deformation of retaining structures in different strata. The deep-shallow-well scheme significantly reduced settlement outside excavations with leaky aquifers compared to the traditional mixed-well scheme. Field tests and engineering applications indicated that groundwater recharge also demonstrates effective for water level control in silt and silty sand aquifers in regions like Tianjin. Moreover, the studies revealed distinctions between dewatering and recharge theories, such as recharge cones and well losses, and proposed efficient recharge technologies for settlement control, including pressurized recharge and interlayer recharge. To address the plugging issues during groundwater recharge in silt and silty sand aquifers, the mechanisms of plugging, such as particle migration, had been elucidated. Moreover, the anti-plugging recharge technologies, including combined recharge, optimization of well spacing, and pressurization of neighboring wells combined with redevelopment were proposed. This paper summarized the mechanisms of deformation induced by excavation dewatering, the optimization of dewatering system, and theories and applications of groundwater recharge. The aim of this paper was to provide references for controlling the environmental influences caused by excavation dewatering in soft soil, thereby contributing to urban construction safety and the protection of water resources.

Key words: soft soil area, excavation engineering, dewatering influence, optimization of dewatering system, groundwater recharge

中图分类号: 

  • TU43
[1] CHAI J C, SHEN S L, ZHU H H, et al. Land subsidence due to groundwater drawdown in Shanghai[J]. Géotechnique, 2004, 54(2): 143-147.
[2] SHEN S L, WU Y X, XU Y S, et al. Evaluation of hydraulic parameters from pumping tests in multi-aquifers with vertical leakage in Tianjin[J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2015, 68: 196-207.
[3] LI M G, CHEN J J, XU Y S, et al. Effects of groundwater exploitation and recharge on land subsidence and infrastructure settlement patterns in Shanghai[J]. Engineering Geology, 2021, 282: 105995.
[4] 郑刚. 软土地区基坑工程变形控制方法及工程应用[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2022, 44(1): 1-36. ZHENG Gang. Method and application of deformation control of excavations in soft ground[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2022, 44(1): 1-36.
[5] 郑刚, 朱合华, 刘新荣, 等. 基坑工程与地下工程安全及环境影响控制[J]. 土木工程学报, 2016, 49(6): 1-24. ZHENG Gang, ZHU Hehua, LIU Xinrong, et al. Control of safety of deep excavations and underground engineering and its impact on surrounding environment [J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2016, 49(6): 1-24.
[6] TAN Y, LU Y, WANG D L. Deep excavation of the gate of the orient in Suzhou stiff clay: composite earth- retaining systems and dewatering plans[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2018, 144(3): 05017009.
[7] 郑刚, 曾超峰. 基坑开挖前潜水降水引起的地下连续墙侧移研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2013, 35(12): 2153-2163. ZHENG Gang, ZENG Chaofeng. Lateral displacement of diaphragm wall by dewatering of phreatic water before excavation[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2013, 35(12): 2153-2163.
[8] 曾超峰, 薛秀丽, 郑刚. 软土区基坑预降水引起支护墙侧移的典型参数影响研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2017, 38(11): 3295-3303. ZENG Chaofeng, XUE Xiuli, ZHENG Gang.A parametric study of lateral displacement of support wall induced by foundation pre-dewatering in soft ground[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2017, 38(11): 3295-3303.
[9] ZENG C F, ZHENG G, ZHOU X F, et al. Behaviours of wall and soil during pre-excavation dewatering under different foundation pit widths[J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2019, 115: 103169.
[10] ZENG C F, XUE X L, ZHENG G, et al. Responses of retaining wall and surrounding ground to pre-excavation dewatering in an alternated multi-aquifer-aquitard system[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2018, 559: 609-626.
[11] 曾超峰, 薛秀丽, 郑刚. 软土地基渗透性条件对基坑预降水过程中支护墙侧移的影响研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2017, 38(10): 3039-3047. ZENG Chaofeng, XUE Xiuli, ZHENG Gang.Effect of soil permeability on wall deflection during pre-excavation dewatering in soft ground[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2017, 38(10): 3039-3047.
[12] 郑刚, 曾超峰, 薛秀丽. 承压含水层局部降压引起土体沉降机理及参数分析[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2014, 36(5): 802-817. ZHENG Gang, ZENG Chaofeng, XUE Xiuli. Settlement mechanism of soils induced by local pressure-relief of confined aquifer and parameter analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2014, 36(5): 802-817.
[13] ZHU Y F, HUANG Y Z, TAN Y P, et al. Stratified settlement characteristics of the soil strata in Shanghai due to dewatering[J]. Journal of Aerospace Engi-neering, 2015, 28(6): A4014005.
[14] ZHANG Y Q, WANG J H, LI M G. Effect of dewatering in a confined aquifer on ground settlement in deep excavations[J]. International Journal of Geo-mechanics, 2018, 18(10): 04018120.
[15] SHI Y J, LI M G, ZHANG Y Q, et al. Field investigation and prediction of responses of far-field ground and groundwater to pumping artesian water in deep excavations[J]. International Journal of Geomechanics, 2018, 18(10): 04018132.
[16] LI M G, CHEN J J, XIA X H, et al. Statistical and hydro-mechanical coupling analyses on groundwater drawdown and soil deformation caused by dewatering in a multi-aquifer-aquitard system[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2020, 589: 125365.
[17] 刘庆晨. 邻近施工对天津既有地铁隧道的影响及保护研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2013: 136-138. LIU Qingchen. Influence and protection of adjacent construction on the existing metro tunnel of Tianjin[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2013: 136-138.
[18] 张有桔, 丁文其, 刘学增, 等. 不对称水压下基坑围护内力及变形规律分析[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2013, 35(增刊2): 107-112. ZHANG Youjie, DING Wenqi, LIU Xuezeng, et al. Internal force and deformation of deep foundation pit under asymmetric water pressure[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2013, 35(Suppl.2): 107-112.
[19] 江杰, 杨杉楠, 胡盛斌, 等. 预降水过程中止水帷幕缺陷对基坑变形的影响[J]. 广西大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 45(5): 996-1005. JIANG Jie, YANG Shannan, HU Shengbin, et al. Influence of waterproof curtain defect on foundation pit deformation in pre-dewatering process[J]. Journal of Guangxi University(Natural Science Edition), 2020, 45(5): 996-1005.
[20] 何绍衡, 夏唐代, 李连祥, 等. 地下水渗流对悬挂式止水帷幕基坑变形影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2019, 53(4): 713-723. HE Shaoheng, XIA Tangdai, LI Lianxiang, et al. Influence of groundwater seepage on deformation of foundation pits with suspended impervious curtains[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science), 2019, 53(4): 713-723.
[21] 杨清源, 赵伯明. 潜水层基坑降水引起地表沉降试验与理论研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2018, 37(6): 1506-1519. YANG Qingyuan, ZHAO Boming. Experimental and theoretical study on the surface subsidence by dewatering of foundation pit in phreatic aquifer[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2018, 37(6): 1506-1519.
[22] WU Y X, SHEN S L, LYU H M, et al. Analyses of leakage effect of waterproof curtain during excavation dewatering[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2020, 583:124582.
[23] ZHENG G, LI Q H, CHENG X S, et al. Diaphragm wall deformation and ground settlement caused by dewatering before excavation in strata with leaky aquifers[J]. Géotechnique, 2024, 74(1): 1-17.
[24] 栗晴瀚, 张静涛, 郑刚, 等. 含水层越流情况下基坑降水引发变形机理及控制措施[J]. 土木工程学报, 2023, 56(5): 89-101. LI Qinghan, ZHANG Jingtao, ZHENG Gang, et al.Mechanisms and countermeasures of deformation induced by dewatering of excavation in leaky aquifers[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2023, 56(5): 89-101.
[25] LI Q H, ZHENG G, CHENG X S, et al. Deformation and protection of tunnels influenced by excavation dewatering in soft soil strata with leaky aquifers[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2025, 159: 106468.
[26] 曾超峰, 袁志成, 薛秀丽. 降水井错位布置对基坑预降水引发围护结构侧移的影响[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(增刊1): 33-36. ZENG Chaofeng, YUAN Zhicheng, XUE Xiuli. Behavior of retaining wall during dewatering before soil excavation under layout of staggered wells[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2019, 41(Suppl.1): 33-36.
[27] WU Y X, SHEN S L, XU Y S, et al. Characteristics of groundwater seepage with cut-off wall in gravel aquifer. I: field observations[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2015, 52(10):1526-1538.
[28] WU Y X, SHEN S L, YIN Z Y, et al. Characteristics of groundwater seepage with cut-off wall in gravel aquifer. II: numerical analysis[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2015, 52(10): 1539-1549.
[29] 薛秀丽, 朱龙, 曾超峰, 等. 墙顶支撑对开挖前抽水引发基坑变形控制效果研究[J]. 工程地质学报, 2024, 32(2):678-689. XUE Xiuli, ZHU Long, ZENG Chaofeng, et al. Effectiveness of first level strut in reducing the foundation pit deformation induced by pre-excavation pumping[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2024, 32(2): 678-689.
[30] 曾超峰. 工程降水引起基坑及土体变形机理、 规律及控制策略研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2014: 109-120. ZENG Chaofeng. Study on deformation mechanism, behavior and control strategy of excavation and ground under dewatering[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2014: 109-120.
[31] ZENG C F, SONG W W, XUE X L, et al. Construction dewatering in a metro station incorporating buttress retaining wall to limit ground settlement: insights from experimental modelling[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2021, 116:104124.
[32] ZENG C F, POWRIE W, XUE X L, et al. Effectiveness of a buttress wall in reducing retaining wall movement during dewatering before bulk excavation[J]. Acta Geotechnica, 2021, 16(10): 3253-3267.
[33] ZENG C F, XUE X L, LI M K. Use of cross wall to restrict enclosure movement during dewatering inside a metro pit before soil excavation[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2021, 112: 103909.
[34] 曾超峰, 王硕, 宋伟炜, 等. 内隔墙对开挖前抽水引发软土区地铁深基坑变形的控制效果[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2021, 40(6): 1277-1286. ZENG Chaofeng, WANG Shuo, SONG Weiwei, et al. Control effect of cross walls on metro foundation pit deformation induced by pre-excavation dewatering in soft soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2021, 40(6): 1277-1286.
[35] 雷亚伟, 张静涛, 田华良, 等. 软土地区含水层联通条件下深基坑降水试验分析 [J]. 工业建筑, 2024, 54(10): 191-198. LEI Yawei, ZHANG Jingtao, TIAN Hualiang, et al.Analysis on dewatering tests during deep excavation in aquifer-connected conditions in soft soil [J]. Industrial Construction, 2024, 54(10): 191-198.
[36] POWRIE W, ROBERTS T O L. Case history of a dewatering and recharge system in chalk[J]. Géotechnique, 1995, 45(4): 599-609.
[37] POWERS J P, Construction dewatering and groundwater control: new methods and applications[M]. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007: 539-555.
[38] 俞建霖, 龚晓南. 基坑工程地下水回灌系统的设计与应用技术研究[J].建筑结构学报, 2001, 22(5): 70-74. YU Jianlin, GONG Xiaonan. Study on the design and the application of the groundwater recharge system in excavation[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2001, 22(5): 70-74.
[39] WANG J X, WU Y B, ZHANG X S, et al. Field experiments and numerical simulations of confined aquifer response to multi-cycle recharge-recovery process through a well[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2012, 465: 328-343.
[40] 黄应超, 徐杨青. 深基坑降水与回灌过程的数值模拟分析[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2014, 36(增刊2): 299-303. HUANG Yingchao, XU Yangqing. Numerical simulation analysis of dewatering and recharge process of deep foundation pits[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2014, 36(Suppl.2): 299-303.
[41] 郭枫, 王贵和, 阚生雷, 等. 北京地区厚卵石潜水层现场回灌试验研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2020, 20(32): 13379-13385. GUO Feng, WANG Guihe, KAN Shenglei, et al. Field test study on groundwater recharge of pebble phreatic aquifer in Beijing[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2020, 20(32): 13379-13385.
[42] 郑刚, 曾超峰, 刘畅, 等. 天津首例基坑工程承压含水层回灌实测研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2013, 35(增刊2): 491-495. ZHENG Gang, ZENG Chaofeng, LIU Chang, et al. Field observation of artificial recharge of confined water in first excavation case in Tianjin[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2013, 35(Suppl.2): 491-495.
[43] ZHENG G, CAO J R, CHENG X S, et al. Experimental study on the artificial recharge of semiconfined aquifers involved in deep excavation engineering[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2018, 557: 868-877.
[44] CAO J R, LI Q H, CHENG X S, et al. Study on artificial recharge and well loss in confined aquifers using theoretical and back-analysis calculations of hydrogeological parameters from recharge and pumping tests[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2022, 81(11): 483.
[45] ZHENG G, LI Q H, CHENG X S, et al. Study on the hydraulic parameter differences between pumping and recharge in a confined aquifer of a soft soil area[J]. Hydrogeology Journal, 2023, 31(4): 947-965.
[46] ZHENG G, HA D, ZENG C F, et al. Influence of the opening timing of recharge wells on settlement caused by dewatering in excavations[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2019, 573: 534-545.
[47] 郑刚, 曹剑然, 程雪松, 等. 考虑承压含水层间越流的地下水回灌现场试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(9): 1609-1618. ZHENG Gang, CAO Jianran, CHENG Xuesong,et al. Field tests on groundwater recharge considering leakage between semiconfined aquifers[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2019, 41(9): 1609-1618.
[48] 杜新强, 冶雪艳, 路莹, 等. 地下水人工回灌堵塞问题研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2009, 24(9): 973-980. DU Xinqiang, YE Xueyan, LU Ying, et al. Advances in clogging research of artificial recharge[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2009, 24(9): 973-980.
[49] SATO M, KUWANO R. Suffusion and clogging by one-dimensional seepage tests on cohesive soil[J]. Soils and Foundations, 2015, 55(6): 1427-1440.
[50] MU L L, ZHANG P Y, SHI Z H, et al. Coupled CFD-DEM investigation of erosion accompanied by clogging mechanism under different hydraulic gradients[J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2023, 153: 105058.
[51] 何满潮, 刘斌, 姚磊华, 等. 地下热水回灌过程中渗透系数研究[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2002, 32(4): 374-377. HE Manchao, LIU Bin, YAO Leihua, et al. Study on hydraulic conductivity during geothermal reinjection[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2002, 32(4): 374-377.
[52] 李炯, 李明广, 陈锦剑, 等. 单井回灌中回灌堵塞与回灌压力波动对渗流场影响的理论研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(增刊2): 226-229. LI Jiong, LI Mingguang, CHEN Jinjian, et al. Theoretical study on influence of well clogging and variable injection pressure on seepage field induced by single-well recharge[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2019, 41(Suppl.2): 226-229.
[53] ZHOU S L, CHENG X S, LI Q H, et al. Experimental study on the mechanism and countermeasures of recharge plugging induced by soil particle migration[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2025, 657: 133115.
[54] ZENG C F, ZHENG G, XUE X L. Responses of deep soil layers to combined recharge in a leaky aquifer[J]. Engineering Geology, 2019, 260: 105263.
[1] 李连祥,郭龙德,王锟毅,王培琰,车秀熙,邱叶凡. 非饱和土空间分布与城市地铁基坑支护设计方法[J]. 山东大学学报 (工学版), 2025, 55(4): 84-92.
[2] 祝明,石承龙,吕潘,刘现荣,孙驰,陈建城,范宏运. 基于优化长短时记忆网络的深基坑变形预测方法及其工程应用[J]. 山东大学学报 (工学版), 2025, 55(3): 141-148.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
版权所有 © 2018 《山东大学学报(工学版)》编辑部　
地址: 济南市山大南路27号（250100）　 电话: 0531-88366735　 E-mail: xbgxb@sdu.edu.cn
本系统由北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司设计开发