Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science) ›› 2021, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 120-127.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2020.513

Previous Articles    

Emission characteristics of PM1.0-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)from different stoves and fuels in rural areas

DUAN Shengfei1, YANG Lingxiao1,2*, LI Jingshu1, GAO Hongliang1, ZHANG Wan1, ZHANG Xiongfei1, QI Anan1, WANG Pengcheng1, WANG Yiming1, TUO Xiong1   

  1. 1. Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China;
    2. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
  • Published:2021-03-01

Abstract: To study the emission factors and emission characteristics of PM1.0-bound PAHs from the combustion of different fuels and improve stoves in rural areas, the samples produced by 8 fuels burned in 2 improved stoves were collected using the dilution channel method, and the concentration of PAHs was analyzed. The results showed that the emission factor was in the range of 0.38~39.37 mg·kg-1. When the same fuel was burned in different improved stoves, the gasifier stoves emission factor of PAHs was lower than the decoupling stoves. The order of PAHs emission factors of various fuels burned in the gasifier stove was EFbulk coal>EFcorn straw>EFbituminous coal briquette>EFpine wood>EFoak wood>EFsemi-coal≈ EFanthracite briquette>EFcorn straw briquette. Among biomass fuels, PHE, PLA, and PYR were the main species of PAHs produced by combustion, while the dominant species in coals were PHE, FLA, PYR, and BbF. The proportion of LMW PAHs produced by the gasifier stove was higher than the decoupling stove, while the proportion of MMW PAHs and HMW PAHs produced by the gasifier stove was lower than the decoupling stove. In the case of meeting the heating demand of residents, it was estimated that the best combination was gasifier stove+semi-coke, anthracite briquette, or corn straw briquette.

Key words: PM1.0, rural solid fuels, emission factor, clean heating, reduction efficiency

CLC Number: 

  • X513
[1] DUAN Xiaoli, JIANG Yong, WANG Beibei, et al. Household fuel use for cooking and heating in China: results from the first Chinese environmental exposure-related human activity patterns survey(CEERHAPS)[J]. Applied Energy, 2014, 136: 692-703.
[2] ZHANG Junfeng Jim, SMITH K R. Household air pollution from coal and biomass fuels in China: measurements, health impacts, and interventions[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2007, 115: 848-855.
[3] BOLLING A K, PAGELS J, YTTRI K E, et al. Health effects of residential wood smoke particles: the importance of combustion conditions and physicochemical particle properties[J]. Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 2009, 6: 20.
[4] CHENG Yi, KONG Shaofei, YAN Qin, et al. Size-segregated emission factors and health risks of PAHs from residential coal flaming/smoldering combustion[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019, 26: 31793-31803.
[5] 刘湘雪, 徐婷婷. 华北农村地区大气细颗粒物来源解析研究[J].环境科学与管理, 2020,45(3): 25-29. LIU Xiangxue, XU Tingting. Source apportionment of PM2. 5 in rural areas of North China [J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2020, 45(3): 25-29.
[6] CHEN Shurui, XU Liang, ZHANG Yinxiao, et al. Direct observations of organic aerosols in common wintertime hazes in North China: insights into direct emissions from chinese residential stoves[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2017, 17: 1258-1270.
[7] LIU Shuzhen, TAO Shu, LIU Wenxin, et al. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in North China: a winter-time study[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2007, 41: 8256-8261.
[8] ZHANG Lulu, YANG Lu, ZHOU Quanyu, et al. Size distribution of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydro-carbons in fresh combustion smoke and ambient air: a review[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2020, 88: 370-384.
[9] 郭西龙. 颗粒物在人体肺部沉积规律及影响因素研究[D]. 长沙:中南大学, 2013. GUO Xilong. Particle deposition in human lungs: mechanisms and factors [M]. Changsha: Central South University, 2013.
[10] VENKATARAMAN C, NEGI G, SARDAR S B, et al. Size distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aerosol emissions from biofuel combustion[J]. Journal of Aerosol Science, 2002, 33: 503-518.
[11] CHEN Y J, BI X H, MAI B X, et al. Emission characterization of particulate/gaseous phases and size association for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from residential coal combustion[J]. Fuel, 2004, 3: 781-790.
[12] 李静姝. 农村固定源燃烧产生的多环芳烃,含氧及硝基多环芳烃的排放因子的研究[D].济南:山东大学, 2020. LI Jingshu.Study on emission factors of PM2.5-bound PAHs, OPAHs and NPAHs produced by rural stationary source combustion[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2020.
[13] ZHANG J, SMITH K R, MA Y, et al. Greenhouse gases and other airborne pollutants from household stoves in China: a database for emission factors[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2000, 34: 4537-4549.
[14] MASTRAL A M, CALLEN M S. A review an polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)emissions from energy generation[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2000, 34: 3051-3057.
[15] HAN Yong, CHEN Yingjun, FENG Yanli, et al. Different formation mechanisms of PAH during wood and coal combustion under different temperatures[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2020, 222: 9.
[16] 沈国锋. 室内固体燃料燃烧产生的碳颗粒物和多环芳烃的排放因子及影响因素[D]. 北京:北京大学, 2012. SHEN Guofeng. Emission factors of carbonaceous particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from residential solid fuel combustion[D]. Beijing:Peking University, 2012.
[17] 田杰. 基于实验室模拟我国农作物秸秆与家用煤炭燃烧的PM2.5排放特征研究[D]. 西安:中国科学院大学(中国科学院地球环境研究所), 2016. TIAN Jie. Laboratory study on emission characteristics of PM2.5 from crop residue burning and residential coal combustion in china[D]. Xi'an University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences), 2016.
[18] SHEN Guofeng, TAO Shu, WEI Siye, et al. Field measurement of emission factors of PM, EC, OC, parent, nitro-, and oxy-polycyclic aromatic hydro-carbons for residential briquette, coal cake, and wood in Rural Shanxi, China[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47: 2998-3005.
[19] CHEN Yingjun, ZHI Guorui, FENG Yanli, et al. Increase in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)emissions due to briquetting: a challenge to the coal briquetting policy[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2015, 204: 58-63.
[20] ZHANG Yue, SHEN Zhenxing, SUN Jian, et al. Parent, alkylated, oxygenated and nitro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from raw coal chunks and clean coal combustion: Emission factors, source pro files, and health risks[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 721: 8.
[21] TOBISZEWSKI M, NAMIESNIK J. PAH diagnostic ratios for the identification of pollution emission sources[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2012, 162: 110-119.
[22] YUNKER M B, MACDONALD R W, VINGARZAN R, et al. PAHs in the Fraser River basin: a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition [J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2002, 33: 489-515.
[23] 郭志明, 刘頔, 林田, 等. 太原城区PM2.5中多环芳烃、硝基多环芳烃的污染特征、来源解析和健康风险评价[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018, 38(3): 1102-1108. GUO Zhiming, LIU Di, LIN Tian, et al. Concentration, source identification, and exposure risk assessment of PM2.5- bound PAHs and nitro-PAHs in the atmosphere of Taiyuan[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2018, 38(3): 1102-1108.
[24] 顾爱军,刘佳澍,罗世鹏,等. 常州市大气PM2.5中PAHs污染特征及来源解析[J]. 环境科学, 2017, 38(8): 3110-3119. GU Aijun, LIU Jiashu, LUO Shipeng, et al. Pollution Characteristics and Source Identification of PAHs in Atmospheric PM2.5 in Changzhou City[J]. Environmental Science, 2017, 38(8): 3110-3119.
[25] 刘寅. 云南民用燃料燃烧大气颗粒物及气态有机物排放特征研究[D]. 昆明:昆明理工大学, 2017. LIUYin. Emission characteristics of particulate matter and gasous pollutants from domestic fuels combustion in Yunnan Province[D]. Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology, 2017.
[26] KATSOYIANNIS A, SWEETMAN A J, JONES K C. PAH molecular diagnostic ratios applied to atmospheric sources: a critical evaluation using two decades of source inventory and air concentration data from the UK[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011, 45: 8897-8906.
[27] DONG T T T, STOCK W D, CALLAN A C, et al. Emission factors and composition of PM2.5 from laboratory combustion of five Western Australian vege-tation types[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 703: 13.
[28] DICKHUT R M, CANUEL E A, GUSTAFSON K E, et al. Automotive sources of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with particulate matter in the Chesapeake Bay region[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2000, 34: 4635-4640.
[29] YANG Xiaoyang, LIU Shijie, XU Yisheng, et al. Emission factors of polycyclic and nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from residential combustion of coal and crop residue pellets[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017, 231: 1265-1273.
[30] 国家大气污染防治攻关联合中心. 民用散煤治理仍是京津冀及周边地区需要坚持的重点方向[R/OL].(2020-03-05)[2020-12-07]. http://huanbao.bjx.com.cn/news/20200305/1050696.shtml.
[31] 王朝华. 对北京农村污染问题的治理对策分析[J]. 北方经济, 2017, 6:9-12. WANG Chaohua. Analysis of the Counter measures to the Pollution Problem in Beijing Rural Area[J]. Northern Economy, 2017, 6:9-12.
[32] 张蓓蓓. 我国生物质原料资源及能源潜力评估[D]. 昆明:中国农业大学, 2018. ZHANG Beibei. Assessment of raw material supply capability and energy potential of biomass resources in China[D]. Beijing:China Agricultural University, 2018.
[33] 国家统计局能源统计司.中国能源统计年鉴[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2019.
[1] Qi HUANG,Lingxiao YANG,Yanyan LI,Pan JIANG,Ying GAO,Wenxing WANG. Pollution characteristics and atmospheric transmission of PM2.5 and PM1.0 in Jinan city [J]. Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science), 2020, 50(1): 95-100, 108.
[2] YANG Yumeng, YANG Lingxiao, ZHANG Junmei, WANG Wenxing. Characteristics of PM1.0 and PM1.0—2.5in haze days during winter in Jinan [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (ENGINEERING SCIENCE), 2017, 47(2): 111-116.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!